Table 2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Inclusion Criteria (IC)	IC1	Studies representing teacher and student-centric environments that are related to formal education system.
	IC2	Empirically validated studies.
	IC3	Papers that are focused on introductory programming course of higher level education.
Exclusion Criteria (EC)	EC1	Research examining holistic aspects such as examining overall study programs.
	EC2	Papers not having concrete validation of the proposed solution/techniques, such as opinion papers, future directions, and reviews.
	EC3	Studies that focused on introductory programming course at school level.
	EC4	Papers that are not in English.