Fig. 1. (A) Aminoacylation of tRNA catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (B) The structures of E. coli LeuRS (class I, PDB ID: 4AQ7¹³⁶) and E. coli ThrRS (class II, PDB ID: 1QF6,¹³⁷ only one of the two monomers is shown) tRNA (blue) complexes. Catalytic domains are shown in orange, anticodon-binding domains – in pink, editing domains – in green, leucine-specific domain of LeuRS – in yellow, C-terminal domain – in red, zinc domain – in violet. Representatives of the two classes of aaRSs are listed together with their known specific inhibitors of bacterial origin (shown in italic). Compounds employing the Trojan-horse strategy and covered in the review are highlighted with red font.