Table 4. Risk factors for composite disease outcomes among COVID-19 patients 18–29 years, diagnosed at a hospital encounter.
Logistic regression, N = 1,853 | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value |
Age at encounter (years) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Female (not pregnant) | (ref) | (ref) | ||
Female (pregnant) | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | 0.003 | 0.1 (0.0–0.4) | 0.001 |
Male | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.01 | 1.8 (1.2–2.7) | 0.002 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
NH White | (ref) | (ref) | ||
NH Black | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.12 | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.08 |
NH Asian | 0.8 (0.2–3.5) | 0.76 | -- | |
NH Other Race | 3.2 (0.6–15.7) | 0.16 | -- | |
Hispanic or Latino | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 0.07 | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 0.01 |
Unknown | 0.8 (0.2–2.9) | 0.79 | -- | |
Parent Hospital | ||||
Flagship hospital | (ref) | (ref) | ||
Satellite Hospital #1 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.046 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.004 |
Satellite Hospital #2 | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.73 | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 0.61 |
Satellite Hospital #3 | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | 0.55 | -- | |
Satellite Hospital #4 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.23 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 0.02 |
Satellite Hospital #5 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.59 | -- | |
Satellite Hospital #6 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.01 | 0.6 (0.4–1.1) | 0.10 |
Month of diagnostic encounter | ||||
March | (ref) | (ref) | ||
April | 1.2 (0.2–7.1) | 0.81 | -- | |
May | 1.9 (0.4–10.5) | 0.44 | -- | |
June | 1.1 (0.3–4.8) | 0.89 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.002 |
July | 2.0 (0.5–8.7) | 0.34 | -- | |
August | 2.5 (0.5–11.3) | 0.25 | -- | |
September | 3.1 (0.7–14.8) | 0.15 | 2.9 (1.4–6.1) | 0.004 |
October | 2.3 (0.5–11.0) | 0.29 | -- | |
November | 2.5 (0.5–11.1) | 0.24 | -- | |
December | 5.5 (0.9–33.0) | 0.06 | 4.9 (1.3–18.7) | 0.02 |
Social Vulnerability Index | ||||
<20th percentile | (ref) | (ref) | ||
20-39th percentile | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.41 | -- | -- |
40-59th percentile | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.41 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.14 |
60-79th percentile | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.41 | -- | -- |
80-99th percentile | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.68 | -- | -- |
Missing | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) | 0.26 | -- | -- |
Financial Class | ||||
Private insurance | (ref) | (ref) | ||
Medicare/Medicaid | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.26 | -- | -- |
Self-Pay | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.25 | -- | -- |
Other | 0.6 (0.1–4.2) | 0.57 | -- | -- |
BMI (kg/m2), categorical | ||||
Underweight ≤18.5 | 1.4 (0.3–6.2) | 0.68 | -- | -- |
Normal Weight 18.5–25 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
Overweight 25–30 | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.23 | -- | -- |
Class 1 Obesity 30–35 | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 0.07 | -- | -- |
Class 2 Obesity 35–40 | 3.5 (1.9–6.4) | <0.001 | 3.1 (1.9–5.1) | <0.001 |
Class 3 Obesity >40 | 4.1 (2.3–7.3) | <0.001 | 3.8 (2.4–6.0) | <0.001 |
Missing | 0.9 (0.3–2.3) | 0.82 | -- | -- |
Medical History | ||||
Asthma | 1.9 (1.2–3.1) | 0.01 | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) | 0.003 |
Myocardial Infarction | 16.2 (5.5–47.2) | <0.001 | 5.8 (1.2–27.7) | 0.03 |
Hypertension | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 0.048 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.15 |
Congestive heart failure | 9.7 (3.8–24.9) | <0.001 | 6.0 (1.5–25.1) | 0.01 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 5.7 (2.4–13.4) | <0.001 | 4.9 (1.7–14.7) | 0.004 |
Diabetes | 3.7 (2.3–6.2) | <0.001 | 3.4 (1.9–6.2) | <0.001 |
Anemia | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 0.52 | -- | -- |
Mental health disorders | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.83 | -- | -- |
Seizure disorders | 1.3 (0.4–4.5) | 0.64 | -- | -- |
Thyroid disease | 2.2 (0.9–5.4) | 0.08 | 1.5 (0.5–4.1) | 0.45 |
HIV | 1.9 (0.4–8.7) | 0.30 | -- | -- |
Surgical History | ||||
Cholecystectomy | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) | 0.91 | -- | -- |
Appendectomy | 1.8 (0.8–3.8) | 0.14 | -- | -- |
Tonsillectomy | 0.3 (0.1–1.4) | 0.13 | -- | -- |
Solid organ transplant | 6.7 (1.9–23.3) | 0.003 | 5.6 (1.2–26.8) | 0.03 |
Exposure History | ||||
No known exposure | (ref) | (ref) | ||
Known exposure, non-household | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.47 | -- | -- |
Known HH exposure | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 0.08 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.70 |
Missing | 2.3 (1.5–3.4) | <0.001 | -- | |
Symptom Screen | ||||
Negative | (ref) | (ref) | ||
Positive | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.80 | -- | -- |
Missing | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 0.052 | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | <0.001 |
OR: Odds Ratio. aOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio. CI: Confidence Interval. NH: Non-Hispanic. BMI: Body mass index. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HH: Household. Model notes: include all 18–29 year-old individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 at a hospital encounter. Outcome: Severe disease diagnosed within 30 days of first encounter (not including pneumonia). Multivariable model: includes data from records with complete data sets for all included variables; aORs generated from multivariable models; C-statistic: 0.82.