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. 2021 Jul 30;16(7):e0255544. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255544

Table 4. Risk factors for composite disease outcomes among COVID-19 patients 18–29 years, diagnosed at a hospital encounter.

Logistic regression, N = 1,853 Univariable Multivariable
Characteristics OR (95% CI) p-value aOR (95% CI) p-value
Age at encounter (years) 1.1 (1.1–1.2) <0.001 1.1 (1.1–1.2) <0.001
Gender        
    Female (not pregnant) (ref)    (ref)   
    Female (pregnant) 0.2 (0.1–0.6) 0.003 0.1 (0.0–0.4) 0.001
    Male 1.6 (1.1–2.2) 0.01 1.8 (1.2–2.7) 0.002
Race/Ethnicity        
    NH White (ref)    (ref)  
    NH Black 0.6 (0.4–1.1) 0.12 0.6 (0.3–1.1) 0.08
    NH Asian 0.8 (0.2–3.5) 0.76 --  
    NH Other Race 3.2 (0.6–15.7) 0.16 --  
    Hispanic or Latino 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 0.07 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 0.01
    Unknown 0.8 (0.2–2.9) 0.79 --  
Parent Hospital        
    Flagship hospital (ref)    (ref)   
    Satellite Hospital #1 0.6 (0.3–1.0) 0.046 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 0.004
    Satellite Hospital #2 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.73 1.2 (0.7–2.0) 0.61
    Satellite Hospital #3 0.8 (0.3–1.9) 0.55 --  
    Satellite Hospital #4 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 0.23 0.3 (0.1–0.8) 0.02
    Satellite Hospital #5 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 0.59 --  
    Satellite Hospital #6 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 0.01 0.6 (0.4–1.1) 0.10
Month of diagnostic encounter        
    March (ref)    (ref)   
    April 1.2 (0.2–7.1) 0.81 --  
    May 1.9 (0.4–10.5) 0.44 --  
    June 1.1 (0.3–4.8) 0.89 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 0.002
    July 2.0 (0.5–8.7) 0.34 --  
    August 2.5 (0.5–11.3) 0.25 --  
    September 3.1 (0.7–14.8) 0.15 2.9 (1.4–6.1) 0.004
    October 2.3 (0.5–11.0) 0.29 --  
    November 2.5 (0.5–11.1) 0.24 --  
    December 5.5 (0.9–33.0) 0.06 4.9 (1.3–18.7) 0.02
Social Vulnerability Index        
    <20th percentile (ref)   (ref)   
    20-39th percentile 0.8 (0.4–1.4) 0.41 -- --
    40-59th percentile 0.8 (0.4–1.4) 0.41 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.14
    60-79th percentile 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 0.41 -- --
    80-99th percentile 0.9 (0.5–1.6) 0.68 -- --
    Missing 1.5 (0.7–3.1) 0.26 -- --
Financial Class        
    Private insurance (ref)    (ref)   
    Medicare/Medicaid 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.26 -- --
    Self-Pay 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.25 -- --
    Other 0.6 (0.1–4.2) 0.57 -- --
BMI (kg/m2), categorical        
    Underweight ≤18.5 1.4 (0.3–6.2) 0.68 -- --
    Normal Weight 18.5–25 (ref)   (ref)  
    Overweight 25–30 1.5 (0.8–2.7) 0.23 -- --
    Class 1 Obesity 30–35 1.8 (1.0–3.3) 0.07 -- --
    Class 2 Obesity 35–40 3.5 (1.9–6.4) <0.001 3.1 (1.9–5.1) <0.001
    Class 3 Obesity >40 4.1 (2.3–7.3) <0.001 3.8 (2.4–6.0) <0.001
    Missing 0.9 (0.3–2.3) 0.82 -- --
Medical History        
    Asthma 1.9 (1.2–3.1) 0.01 2.3 (1.3–4.0) 0.003
    Myocardial Infarction 16.2 (5.5–47.2) <0.001 5.8 (1.2–27.7) 0.03
    Hypertension 1.8 (1.0–3.3) 0.048 0.6 (0.3–1.2) 0.15
    Congestive heart failure 9.7 (3.8–24.9) <0.001 6.0 (1.5–25.1) 0.01
    Cerebrovascular disease 5.7 (2.4–13.4) <0.001 4.9 (1.7–14.7) 0.004
    Diabetes 3.7 (2.3–6.2) <0.001 3.4 (1.9–6.2) <0.001
    Anemia 1.3 (0.6–2.7) 0.52 -- --
    Mental health disorders 1.1 (0.6–2.0) 0.83 -- --
    Seizure disorders 1.3 (0.4–4.5) 0.64 -- --
    Thyroid disease 2.2 (0.9–5.4) 0.08 1.5 (0.5–4.1) 0.45
    HIV 1.9 (0.4–8.7) 0.30 -- --
Surgical History        
    Cholecystectomy 1.0 (0.5–2.3) 0.91 -- --
    Appendectomy 1.8 (0.8–3.8) 0.14 -- --
    Tonsillectomy 0.3 (0.1–1.4) 0.13 -- --
    Solid organ transplant 6.7 (1.9–23.3) 0.003 5.6 (1.2–26.8) 0.03
Exposure History        
    No known exposure (ref)   (ref)  
    Known exposure, non-household 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 0.47 -- --
    Known HH exposure 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 0.08 1.1 (0.7–1.7) 0.70
    Missing 2.3 (1.5–3.4) <0.001 --  
Symptom Screen        
    Negative (ref)   (ref)  
    Positive 1.1 (0.7–1.6) 0.80 -- --
    Missing 1.5 (1.0–2.4) 0.052 1.7 (1.1–2.6) <0.001

OR: Odds Ratio. aOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio. CI: Confidence Interval. NH: Non-Hispanic. BMI: Body mass index. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HH: Household. Model notes: include all 18–29 year-old individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 at a hospital encounter. Outcome: Severe disease diagnosed within 30 days of first encounter (not including pneumonia). Multivariable model: includes data from records with complete data sets for all included variables; aORs generated from multivariable models; C-statistic: 0.82.