Table 6. Risk factors for subsequent hospital encounter within 30 days among non-pregnant COVID-19 patients 18–29 years, diagnosed at a hospital encounter.
| Logistic regression, N = 1,564 | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age at encounter (years) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.20 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.15 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female (not pregnant) | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Male | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.64 | -- | -- |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| NH White | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| NH Black | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 0.27 | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 0.04 |
| NH Asian | 0.8 (0.2–2.8) | 0.73 | -- | -- |
| NH Other Race | 0.8 (0.1–6.3) | 0.81 | -- | -- |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 0.82 | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.09 |
| Unknown | 0.4 (0.1–1.6) | 0.18 | -- | |
| Parent Hospital | ||||
| Flagship hospital | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Satellite Hospital #1 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.24 | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 0.004 |
| Satellite Hospital #2 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.58 | -- | |
| Satellite Hospital #3 | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) | 0.24 | -- | |
| Satellite Hospital #4 | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.85 | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) | 0.10 |
| Satellite Hospital #5 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.92 | -- | |
| Satellite Hospital #6 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.48 | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.13 |
| Month of diagnostic encounter | ||||
| March | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| April | 0.6 (0.2–2.2) | 0.42 | -- | -- |
| May | 1.5 (0.4–5.1) | 0.50 | -- | -- |
| June | 1.2 (0.4–3.1) | 0.75 | -- | -- |
| July | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 0.95 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.15 |
| August | 0.8 (0.3–2.6) | 0.75 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.12 |
| September | 1.4 (0.4–4.5) | 0.56 | -- | -- |
| October | 1.1 (0.4–3.5) | 0.83 | -- | -- |
| November | 0.7 (0.2–2.1) | 0.53 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.17 |
| December | 3.1 (0.8–12.7) | 0.12 | -- | |
| Social Vulnerability Index | ||||
| <20th percentile | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| 20-39th percentile | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 0.02 | 1.4 (0.97–2.0) | 0.07 |
| 40-59th percentile | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) | 0.42 | -- | -- |
| 60-79th percentile | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 0.51 | -- | -- |
| 80-99th percentile | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.54 | -- | -- |
| Missing | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 0.38 | -- | -- |
| Financial Class | ||||
| Private insurance | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 0.06 | -- | |
| Self-Pay | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.08 | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.01 |
| Other | 0.9 (0.2–3.9) | 0.86 | -- | |
| BMI (kg/m2), categorical | ||||
| Underweight ≤18.5 | 1.3 (0.4–3.9) | 0.65 | -- | -- |
| Normal Weight 18.5–25 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Overweight 25–30 | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | 0.17 | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 0.06 |
| Class 1 Obesity 30–35 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.30 | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 0.14 |
| Class 2 Obesity 35–40 | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 0.24 | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 0.13 |
| Class 3 Obesity >40 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 0.13 | 1.7 (1.1–2.9) | 0.046 |
| Missing | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.01 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.02 |
| Medical History | ||||
| Asthma | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 0.04 | 1.7 (1.0–2.7) | 0.03 |
| Myocardial Infarction | 5.5 (1.7–18.1) | 0.01 | 6.2 (1.7–23.3) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension | 1.8 (1.0–3.0) | 0.04 | -- | -- |
| Congestive heart failure | 3.6 (1.2–11.0) | 0.02 | -- | -- |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.9 (0.6–5.7) | 0.28 | -- | -- |
| Diabetes | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.93 | -- | -- |
| Anemia | 2.1 (1.1–3.9) | 0.20 | -- | -- |
| Mental health disorders | 1.9 (1.2–3.0) | 0.01 | 1.7 (0.99–2.9) | 0.051 |
| Seizure disorders | 3.5 (1.5–8.4) | 0.004 | 2.6 (0.97–6.9) | 0.06 |
| Thyroid disease | 1.6 (0.7–4.0) | 0.29 | -- | -- |
| HIV | 3.3 (1.0–10.9) | 0.06 | 4.2 (0.9–18.8) | 0.06 |
| Surgical History | ||||
| Cholecystectomy | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 0.44 | -- | -- |
| Appendectomy | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.61 | -- | -- |
| Tonsillectomy | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.82 | -- | -- |
| Solid organ transplant | 1.6 (0.3–7.7) | 0.55 | -- | -- |
| Exposure History | ||||
| No known exposure | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Known exposure, non-household | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.84 | -- | -- |
| Known HH exposure | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 0.14 | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 0.02 |
| Missing | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.04 | -- | |
| Symptom Screen | ||||
| Negative | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Positive | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.98 | -- | -- |
| Missing | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Admission Category (initial encounter) | ||||
| Emergency department only | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| Inpatient | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) | 0.01 | -- | -- |
| Observation | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 0.79 | -- | -- |
| Therapy administered at initial encounter | ||||
| Supplemental oxygen | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.03 | -- | |
| Azithromycin | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | 0.003 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.001 |
| Dexamethasone | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.32 | -- | -- |
| Remdesivir | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.06 | -- | -- |
| Any IV therapy | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.07 | -- | -- |
OR: Odds Ratio. aOR Adjusted Odds Ratio. CI: Confidence Interval. NH: Non-Hispanic. BMI: Body mass index. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HH: Household. Model notes: include all non-pregnant 18–29 year-olds diagnosed with COVID-19 at a hospital encounter discharged home after initial encounter. Outcome: Patient readmitted within 30 days of discharge from initial encounter. Time to subsequent hospital encounter defined as days from first discharge (discharge date for diagnostic hospital encounter) to next hospital encounter. Multivariable model: includes data from records with complete data sets for all included variables; aORs generated from multivariable models; C-statistic: 0.72.