Fig 1. YTHDF1 promotes translation of m⁶A-modified, IFN-induced ADAR1 to prevent immune activation by self-RNA.

(1) IFN signaling, which induces dsRNA, (2) activates the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes, including m⁶A-modified ADAR1 p150. Left: (3) The m⁶A reader, YTHDF1, promotes the translation of ADAR1 p150, (4) which then catalyzes A-to-I editing of dsRNA, (5) converting them to ssRNA. Right: (3) In the absence of YTHDF1, ADAR1 p150 translation is attenuated, (4) leading to reduced editing and the accumulation of dsRNA, (5) which activates the dsRNA sensor MDA5 to induce IFN. ADAR1, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1; A-to-I, adenosine-to-inosine; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; IFN, interferon; MDA5, melanoma differentiation–associated protein 5; m⁶A, N6-methyladenosine; ssRNA, single-stranded RNA; YTHDF1, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1.