Table 1. Patient characteristics by adhesion molecule tertiles (n = 418).
| Overall Cohort | ICAM-1 | VCAM-1 | E-selectin | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | (n = 418) | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value |
| (n = 139) | (n = 140) | (n = 139) | (n = 139) | (n = 141) | (n = 138) | (n = 139) | (n = 140) | (n = 139) | |||||
| Age (years)–mean ± SD | 50.7 ± 11.5 | 52.0 ± 11.3 | 49.3 ± 11.6 | 50.9 ± 11.5 | 0.16 | 50.0 ± 11.2 | 52.4 ± 11.7 | 51.7 ± 12.1 | 0.30 | 51.0 ± 11.7 | 50.9 ± 11.6 | 50.3 ± 11.3 | 0.85 |
| Sex (Male)–n (%) | 287 (68.7) | 91 (65.9) | 97 (68.8) | 99 (71.2) | 0.64 | 92 (78.6) | 88 (75.2) | 61 (52.1) | <0.001 | 83 (60.1) | 96 (68.6) | 108 (77.1) | 0.009 |
| BMI (kg/m2)—mean ± SD | 31.7 ± 6.5 | 30.3 ± 6.2 | 30.8 ± 5.5 | 33.9 ± 7.1 | <0.001 | 31.2 ± 5.5 | 31.1 ± 5.7 | 32.4 ± 7.6 | 0.21 | 29.3 ± 5.8 | 32.4 ± 6.3 | 33.3 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
| AHI—events/hr–median (IQR) | 16.5 (7,30.4) | 16 (7.4,30.0) | 16.6 (6.9,28.1) | 17.8 (7.1,35.4) | 0.49 | 16.6 (8.2,34.8) | 18.4 (7.9,30.9) | 13.8 (5.4,26.8) | 0.08 | 12.8 (6,24.3) | 16 (7.1,30.1) | 20.4 (8.2,38.9) | <0.001 |
| AHI Category | 0.42 | 0.009 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
| No OSA–n (%) | 68 (16.3) | 17 (12.3) | 27 (19.1) | 24 (17.3) | . | 15 (12.8) | 14 (11.9) | 29 (24.8) | . | 26 (18.8) | 22 (15.7) | 20 (14.3) | . |
| Mild OSA—n (%) | 127 (30.4) | 49 (35.5) | 39 (27.7) | 39 (28.1) | . | 40 (34.2) | 39 (33.1) | 31 (26.5) | . | 51 (37) | 41 (29.3) | 35 (25.0) | . |
| Moderate OSA—n (%) | 114 (27.3) | 36 (26.1) | 43 (30.5) | 35 (25.2) | . | 24 (20.5) | 34 (28.8) | 37 (31.6) | . | 37 (26.8) | 41 (29.3) | 36 (25.7) | . |
| Severe OSA—n (%) | 109 (26.1) | 36 (26.1) | 32 (22.7) | 41 (29.5) | . | 38 (32.5) | 31 (26.3) | 20 (17.1) | . | 24 (17.4) | 36 (25.7) | 49 (35.0) | . |
| % Time below 90% SaO2—median (IQR) | 0.32(0.1,2.5) | 0.31(0.1,1.7) | 0.2 (0,2.3) | 0.7 (0.1,3.6) | 0.05 | 0.5 (0.1,2.8) | 0.3 (0.1,2.2) | 0.3 (0.1,2.5) | 0.49 | 0.2 (0,1.5) | 0.4 (0.1,2.4) | 0.6 (0.1,3.2) | 0.30 |
| ESS > 11 –n (%) | 136 (30.1) | 31 (22.3) | 44 (31.2) | 51 (36.7) | 0.03 | 30 (25.6) | 45 (38.1) | 28 (23.9) | 0.03 | 32 (23) | 44 (31.4) | 50 (35.7) | 0.06 |
| Heart Disease*—n (%) | 90 (21.5) | 26 (18.7) | 29 (20.6) | 35 (25.2) | 0.40 | 32 (27.4) | 31 (26.3) | 22 (18.8) | 0.25 | 28 (20.1) | 29 (20.7) | 33 (23.6) | 0.76 |
| Smoking Status+ - n (%) | 37 (8.8) | 9 (6.5) | 8 (5.7) | 20 (14.4) | 0.02 | 9 (7.7) | 10 (8.5) | 6 (5.1) | 0.58 | 9 (6.5) | 11 (7.9) | 17 (12.1) | 0.22 |
| Diabetes—n (%) | 32 (7.6) | 9 (6.5) | 9 (6.4) | 14 (10.1) | 0.42 | 13 (11.1) | 8 (6.8) | 10 (8.5) | 0.50 | 12 (8.6) | < 6 | 15 (10.7) | 0.07 |
| Ethnicity Group | 0.06 | 0.81 | 0.06 | ||||||||||
| Caucasian—n (%) | 328 (80) | 110 (82.1) | 113 (80.7) | 105 (77.2) | . | 88 (77.9) | 93 (81.6) | 96 (84.2) | . | 110 (80.9) | 118 (86.8) | 100 (72.5) | . |
| Asian—n (%) | 36 (8.8) | 16 (11.9) | 11 (7.9) | 9 (6.6) | . | 13 (11.5) | 10 (8.8) | 9 (7.9) | . | 12 (8.8) | 8 (5.9) | 16 (11.6) | . |
| Other—n (%) | 46 (11.2) | 8 (6) | 16 (11.4) | 22 (16.2) | . | 12 (10.6) | 11 (9.6) | 9 (7.9) | . | 14 (10.3) | 10 (7.4) | 22 (15.9) | . |
| Statin User—n (%) | 80 (19.4) | 26 (19.3) | 25 (17.7) | 29 (21.3) | 0.75 | 25 (21.7) | 20 (17.5) | 25 (22.1) | 0.64 | 23 (16.9) | 32 (23.4) | 25 (18) | 0.35 |
| Adhesion Molecules (ng/ml) | . | 249.8–816.1 | 816.13–996.1 | 996.1–1908.0 | . | 8–60.1 | 60.1–83.4 | 83.41–352.7 | . | 9.7–36.4 | 36.41–52.1 | 52.11–220.8 | . |
| Rate of 1st Cardiovascular Event | 36 (8) | <6 (3.6) | 16 (11.4) | 15 (10.7) | 10 (7.19) | 9 (6.3) | 17 (12.3) | 8 (5.7) | 16 (11.4) | 12 (8.6) | |||
Abbreviations: AHI: Apnea-Hypopnea Index; BMI: Body mass index; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IQR: Interquartile range; SD: Standard deviation; SaO2: Oxygen Saturation; VCAM-1: Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; *Heart disease included: Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction; Cardiac Arrhythmias, Angina, and Congestive Heart Failure. +Current Smokers.