Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants: Framingham Heart Study third-generation cohort (N = 1052).
| Total (N=1052) | Women (n=478) | Men (n=574) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at CT scan, years | 45.4 (6.0) | 46.7 (5.5) | 44.3 (6.2) | < 0.01 |
| Interval between CT scan and MRI, years | 7.69 (1.05) | 7.62 (1.10) | 7.75 (1.01) | < 0.05 |
| Interval between CFPWV and MRI, years | 1.70 (0.94) | 1.67 (0.93) | 1.73 (0.95) | 0.31 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118 (13) | 114 (13) | 121 (12) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension treatment, n (%) | 218 (20.7) | 79 (16.5) | 139 (24.2) | < 0.01 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 63 (6.0) | 22 (4.6) | 41 (7.1) | 0.08 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 190 (35) | 193 (37) | 187 (33) | < 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia treatment, n (%) | 230 (21.9) | 71 (14.9) | 159 (27.7) | < 0.01 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 82 (7.8) | 35 (7.3) | 47 (8.2) | 0.60 |
| Total cranial volume, mL | 1274 (124) | 1189 (96) | 1345 (98) | < 0.01 |
| Obesity*, n (%) | 316 (30.0) | 119 (24.9) | 197 (34.3) | < 0.01 |
| CAC score (75th, 90th percentile) | (1.2, 36.0) | (0, 4.3) | (10.7, 94.8) | < 0.01 |
| CAC group, n (%) | ||||
| CAC score 0 | 753 (71.6) | 413 (86.4) | 340 (59.2) | < 0.01 |
| 0< to 100 | 236 (22.4) | 58 (12.1) | 178 (31.0) | |
| > 100 | 63 (6.0) | 7 (1.5) | 56 (9.8) | |
| CFPWV (median [Q1, Q3]), m/s | 7.2 [6.5, 8.1] | 6.9 [6.3, 7.7] | 7.5 [6.7, 8.4] | < 0.01 |
| Mean FA | 0.538 (0.011) | 0.536 (0.010) | 0.539 (0.011) | < 0.01 |
| Mean FW (median [Q1, Q3]) | 0.192 [0.182, 0.204] | 0.191 [0.181, 0.202] | 0.194 [0.183, 0.206] | < 0.01 |
| PSMD (median [Q1, Q3]), ×1000 | 0.220 [0.207, 0.241] | 0.217 [0.203, 0.236] | 0.224 [0.211, 0.246] | < 0.01 |
Values were mean and standard deviation in parenthesis unless otherwise specified. Abbreviations: CAC, coronary artery calcium; CFPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CT, computed tomography; FA, fractional anisotropy; FW, free water; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PSMD, peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; Q, quartiles of each variable.
*
Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2