a,b, CAZymes and mcSEED metabolic pathways whose log2 fold-changes in abundance were statistically significant during at least one of the 3 fibre snack interventions. Data are shown for each participant after consumption of each fibre snack type and are normalized to pretreatment timepoints, i.e., day 14 (study 1) and day 11 (study 2) (n=12 and 14 participants for study 1 and 2, respectively, n=66 faecal samples analysed). Hierarchical clustering (Euclidean distances) of CAZyme and mcSEED metabolic pathway profiles was used to group participants with similar responses to each fibre snack type. CAZymes marked with a ‘+’ were also fibre-treatment discriminatory in the gnotobiotic mouse studies.