FIG 4.

Fracture-positive, radiologist true-positive, CNN false-negative case example. Axial (A) and sagittal (B) cervical spine CT images, and sagittal fat-saturated T2-weighted cervical spine MR image (C) demonstrate a C6–7 fracture-dislocation with cord compression. Red arrows demarcate fracture-dislocation, the blue arrow demarcates prevertebral edema, and the orange arrow demarcates cord compression. This case example illustrates an important drawback of the CNN to overlook areas of gross bony translation, as it was only designed to detect linear bony lucency in patterns consistent with fractures.