Table 6.
Relationship Between Patient and Caregiver Mindfulness
| Patient/ informant factors |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 2 versus Group 1 |
Group 3 versus Group 1 |
Group 4 versus Group 1 |
Group 2 versus Group 1 |
Group 3 versus Group 1 |
Group 4 versus Group 1 |
Group 2 versus Group 1 |
Group 3 versus Group 1 |
Group 4 versus Group 1 |
|
| β ± SE(p) | β ± SE(p) | β ± SE(p) | β ± SE(p) | β ± SE (p) | β ± SE(p) | β ± SE(p) | β ± SE(p) | β ± SE(p) | |
| Patient QDRS | 3.61 ± 0.73 (<0.001) | 0.61 ± 0.73 (0.404) | 4.43 ± 0.84 (<0.001) | 2.45 ± 0.63 (<0.001) | 0.32 ± 0.62 (0.604) | 3.43 ± 0.72 (<0.001) | 2.47 ± 0.63 (<0.001) | 0.36 ± 0.63 (0.563) | 3.52 ± 0.73 (<0.001) |
| CCI | 10.65 ± 3.41 (0.002) | −0.59 ± 3.49 (0.866) | 16.44 ± 3.94 (<0.001) | 6.59 ± 3.15 (0.038) | −1.56 ± 3.18 (0.624) | 12.81 ± 3.62 (<0.001) | 6.64 ± 3.17 (0.037) | −1.49 ± 3.19 (0.642) | 13.05 ± 3.66 (<0.001) |
| AD8 | 0.77 ± 0.41 (0.034) | 0.34 ± 0.41 (0.406) | 1.60 ± 0.47 (<0.001) | 3.65 ± 0.41 (0.113) | 0.26 ± 0.40 (0.514) | 1.39 ± 0.46 (0.003) | 0.6 ± 0.41 (0.107) | 0.28 ± 0.40 (0.488) | 1.44 ± 0.47 (0.002) |
| HADS-D | 1.59 ± 0.72 (0.029) | 0.81 ± 0.72 (0.265) | 2.83 ± 0.83 (<0.001) | 1.35 ± 0.73 (0.066) | 0.73 ± 0.72 (0.314) | 2.61 ± 0.83 (0.002) | 1.43 ± 0.72 (0.047) | 0.87 ± 0.71 (0.224) | 2.91 ± 0.83 (<0.001) |
| Informant QDRS | 3.45 ± 0.89 (<0.001) | 1.83 ± 0.91 (0.045) | 3.42 ± 1.03 (0.001) | 1.60 ± 0.64 (0.013) | 1.35 ± 0.64 (0.037) | 1.76 ± 0.73 (0.017) | 1.59 ± 0.64 (0.014) | 1.34 ± 0.65 (0.039) | 1.76 ± 0.74 (0.019) |
| FAQ | 5.56 ± 1.62 (<0.001) | 2.76 ± 1.64 (0.094) | 6.45 ± 1.85 (<0.001) | 2.23 ± 0.98 (0.024) | 1.76 ± 0.98 (0.074) | 3.00 ± 1.12 (0.008) | 2.26 ± 0.99 (0.023) | 1.80 ± 0.99 (0.069) | 3.09 ± 1.13 (0.007) |
| HUI3 | −0.19 ± 0.06 (<0.001) | −0.17 ± 0.06 (0.003) | −0.28 ± 0.06 (<0.001) | −0.10 ± 0.05 (0.036) | −0.14 ± 0.05 (0.002) | −0.20 ± 0.05 (<0.001) | −0.09 ± 0.05 (0.042) | −0.14 ± 0.05 (0.003) | −0.19 ± 0.05 (<0.001) |
| PANAC− | 3.05 ± 1.18 (0.010) | 4.27 ± 1.21 (<0.001) | 4.06 ± 1.37 (0.003) | 1.90 ± 1.13 (0.095) | 3.98 ± 1.14 (<0.001) | 3.03 ± 1.30 (0.021) | 1.91 ± 1.14 (0.094) | 4.00 ± 1.15 (<0.001) | 3.06 ± 1.31 (0.021) |
| PHQ4 | 0.97 ± 0.46 (0.037) | 1.94 ± 0.48 (<0.001) | 1.10 ± 0.564 (0.051) | 0.75 ± 0.46 (0.108) | 1.89 ± 0.47 (<0.001) | 0.90 ± 0.56 (0.107) | 0.75 ± 0.47 (0.107) | 1.91 ± 0.48 (<0.001) | 0.94 ± 0.56 (0.097) |
| MoCA | −4.76 ± 1.17 (<0.001) | −1.98 ± 1.20 (0.100) | −4.05 ± 1.35 (0.003) | −2.11 ± 0.77 (0.006) | −1.28 ± 0.78 (0.100) | −1.68 ± 0.89 (0.060) | −1.98 ± 0.76 (0.009) | −1.08 ± 0.76 (0.157) | −1.26 ± 0.87 (0.148) |
| HVLT immediate | −3.70 ± 1.25 (0.004) | −2.59 ± 1.25 (0.040) | −4.79 ± 1.49 (0.002) | −1.28 ± 0.90 (0.156) | −1.65 ± 0.89 (0.065) | −2.92 ± 1.06 (0.006) | −1.1 ± 0.87 (0.205) | −1.42 ± 0.86 (0.100) | −2.44 ± 1.03 (0.019) |
| HVLT delay | −1.96 ± 0.67 (0.004) | −1.96 ± 0.66 (0.003) | −2.21 ± 0.79 (0.005) | −0.89 ± 0.52 (0.088) | −1.51 ± 0.51 (0.003) | −1.31 ± 0.61 (0.032) | −0.71 ± 0.49 (0.143) | −1.32 ± 0.48 (0.006) | −0.92 ± 0.57 (0.109) |
| Trailmaking A | 23.57 ± 8.25 (0.005) | 9.39 ± 8.15 (0.250) | 20.82 ± 9.41 (0.028) | 11.43 ± 6.13 (0.064) | 6.18 ± 6.01 (0.305) | 7.42 ± 6.99 (0.290) | 11.22 ± 6.10 (0.067) | 5.29 ± 5.99 (0.378) | 5.71 ± 6.99 (0.415) |
| Trailmaking B | 14.82 ± 11.26 (0.190) | 10.81 ± 10.69 (0.313) | 22.87 ± 12.54 (0.070) | −1.33 ± 0.69 (0.891) | 5.31 ± 9.06 (0.558) | 7.00 ± 10.74 (0.515) | 4.76 ± 9.05 (0.600) | 0.74 ± 8.49 (0.930) | 1.27 ± 10.07 (0.900) |
| NSCT | −7.36 ± 2.70 (0.007) | −6.87 ± 2.56 (0.008) | −7.24 ± 3.06 (0.019) | −2.60 ± 2.09 (0.215) | −4.92 ± 1.95 (0.012) | −3.86 ± 2.34 (0.101) | −1.92 ± 1.88 (0.310) | −3.87 ± 1.76 (0.029) | −2.14 ± 2.12 (0.315) |
| Composite z-score | −0.57 ± 0.16 (<0.001) | −0.45 ± 0.17 (0.007) | −0.40 ± 0.19 (0.033) | −0.27 ± 0.13 (0.037) | −0.38 ± 0.13 (0.004) | −0.13 ± 0.15 (0.371) | −0.25 ± 0.13 (0.049) | −0.34 ± 0.13 (0.008) | −0.06 ± 0.15 (0.679) |
NOTES: Group 1 = High patient AMPS/high informant AMPS; Group 2 = low patient AMPS/high informant AMPS; Group 3 = high patient AMPS/low informant AMPS; Group 4 = low patient AMPS/low informant AMPS. Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for dementia severity; Model 3 = adjusted for age and dementia severity. Bold signifies significance after Bonferroni Correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.004). QDRS, Quick Dementia Rating Scale; CCI, Patient Cognitive Change Index; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Dementia Scale – Dementia; FAQ, Functional Assessment Questionnaire; HUI3, Health Utility Index Mark 3; PANAC−, PANAC negative appraisals; PHQ4, Informant depression; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HVLT, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; NSCT, Number Symbol Coding Task.