Table 7.
Relationship Between Patient Mindfulness and Resilience and Vulnerability Factors
| Scale Characteristics |
Association with AMPS |
Scores by Diagnosis |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Range | R (p) | Controls | MCI | Dementia | p | |
| Resilience factors | |||||||
| Mindfulness (AMPS) | 38.0 (11.8) | 0–60 | — | 44.8 (10.7) | 39.4 (10.8) | 34.9 (11.8) | <0.001a |
| Education (y) | 15.8 (2.7) | 6–20 | 0.094 (0.110) | 15.9 (2.2) | 16.3 (2.7) | 15.4 (2.8) | 0.100 |
| Verbal IQ | 111.4 (14.6) | 69–133 | 0.332 (0.007) | 118.8 (7.0) | 112.8 (13.8) | 106.1 (20.1) | 0.115 |
| Physical activity (QPAR) | 21.6 (19.4) | 0–132 | 0.272 (<0.001) | 42.2 (26.7) | 24.7 (19.8) | 14.9 (13.8) | <0.001a |
| MIND diet | 8.8 (2.2) | 2.5–14 | 0.115 (0.068) | 9.5 (2.2) | 9.4 (2.2) | 8.3 (2.3) | 0.007b |
| Social Engagement | 2.8 (0.9) | 1–4 | 0.272 (<0.001) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.0 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | <0.001b |
| Vulnerability factors | |||||||
| Age (y) | 74.7 (9.4) | 38–98 | −0.087 (0.141) | 68.3 (10.2) | 72.3 (8.9) | 78.4 (7.7) | <0.001b |
| HADS-Depression | 6.1 (3.9) | 0–19 | −0.377 (<0.001) | 3.8 (3.2) | 6.4 (4.1) | 6.4 (4.0) | 0.002c |
| Fried Frailty Score | 2.1 (1.4) | 0–5 | −0.330 (<0.001) | 0.8 (1.1) | 1.7 (1.2) | 2.8 (1.2) | <0.001a |
| mCAIDE | 7.4 (2.9) | 0–14 | −0.186 (0.001) | 5.3 (3.3) | 6.9 (3.0) | 8.5 (2.5) | <0.001a |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2.3 (91.7) | 0–8 | −0.026 (0.656) | 1.2 (1.6) | 2.3 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.6) | <0.001c |
Mean (SD) or R (p-value). Bold signifies significance after Bonferroni Correction for multiple comparisons (p < 0.01).
Post-hoc analyses: Controls, MCI, and Dementia all different from each other.
Post-hoc analyses: Controls and MCI not different from each other; Dementia different from Controls and MCI.
Post-hoc analyses: Controls different from MCI and Dementia; MCI and Dementia not different from each other. AMPS, Applied Mindfulness Process Scale; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; QPAR, Quick Physical Activity Rating; MIND, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mCAIDE, modified Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia.