Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;79(3):1345–1367. doi: 10.3233/JAD-201292

Table 8.

Relationship Between Patient Mindfulness Tertiles and Resilience and Vulnerability Factors

Bottom Tertile Middle Tertile Top Tertile p
Diagnosis <0.001
Controls, % 23.7 26.3 50.0
MCI, % 22.6 45.2 32.3
Dementia, % 50.0 25.6 24.5
Neuropsychologic Tests Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p
MoCA 18.0 (6.6) 20.6 (6.5) 21.5 (6.6) 0.001
Cognitive z-score −0.17 (0.99) 0.19 (0.94) 0.42 (0.89) 0.001
Resilience factors Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p Adj p
Education (y) 15.5 (2.8) 15.9 (2.7) 15.9 (2.4) 0.311 0.803
Verbal IQ 105.7 (17.2) 113.0 (13.8) 115.4 (13.2) 0.130 0.700
Physical activity (QPAR) 17.7 (14.4) 20.7 (19.7) 29.9 (24.9) <0.001 0.104
MIND diet 8.6 (1.9) 8.6 (2.3) 9.3 (2.3) 0.081 0.415
Social Engagement 2.6 (0.8) 2.8 (0.9) 3.1 (0.9) <0.001 0.004
Vulnerability factors Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) p Adj p
Age (y) 75.3 (8.7) 74.1 (11.3) 74.2 (8.2) 0.595 0.794
HADS-Depression 7.3 (4.0) 6.5 (3.7) 3.8 (2.9) <0.001 <0.001
Fried Frailty Score 2.5 (1.4) 2.1 (1.3) 1.5 (1.3) <0.001 0.006
mCAIDE 7.9 (2.6) 7.3 (3.1) 6.9 (3.2) 0.028 0.017
Charlson Comorbidity Index 2.4 (1.4) 2.5 (2.0) 2.1 (1.6) 0.274 0.574

Means (SD) or %. Adj p: ANCOVA controlling for dementia severity with Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes. Bold signifies significant p-value after controlling for multiple comparisons. MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Impairment; QPAR, Quick Physical Activity Rating; MIND, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mCAIDE, modified Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia.