Table 9.
Mediation Analyses for Association Between Patient Mindfulness, Resilience and Vulnerability Factors, and Cognition
| MoCA | Z score | HVLT Recall | HVLT delay | Trailmaking B | NSCT | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education | a path (p) | 0.023 (0.105) | 0.023 (0.106) | 0.024 (0.104) | 0.025 (0.096) | 0.014 (0.432) | 0.014 (0.393) |
| b path (p) | 0.471 (<0.001) | 0.048 (0.014) | 0.084 (0.017) | 0.098 (0.027) | −0.100 (0.028) | 0.060 (0.045) | |
| c path (p) | 0.139 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.007) | 0.038 (<0.001) | 0.046 (<0.001) | −0.036 (0.003) | 0.023 (0.002) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.128 (<0.001) | 0.012 (0.013) | 0.036 (<0.001) | 0.043 (<0.001) | −0.034 (0.004) | 0.023 (0.003) | |
| ab path | 0.011 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | −0.001 | 0.001 | |
| (95% CI) | (−0.0001; 0.030) | (−0.000; 0.004) | (0.0001; 0.006) | (−0.0001; 0.007) | (−0.006; 0.002) | (−0.0001; 0.004) | |
| ab/c | 0.079 | 0.077 | 0.053 | 0.043 | 0.028 | 0.043 | |
| QPAR | a path (p) | 0.438 (<0.001) | 0.437 (<0.001) | 0.429 (<0.001) | 0.426 (<0.001) | 0.493 (<0.001) | 0.457 (<0.001) |
| b path (p) | 0.111 (<0.001) | 0.017 (<0.001) | 0.037 (<0.001) | 0.047 (<0.001) | −0.030 (<0.001) | 0.026 (<0.001) | |
| c path (p) | 0.141 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.005) | 0.039 (<0.001) | 0.048 (<0.001) | −0.037 (0.002) | 0.025 (0.001) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.093 (0.004) | 0.006 (0.187) | 0.023 (0.005) | 0.028 (0.008) | −0.022 (0.062) | 0.014 (0.068) | |
| ab path | 0.048 | 0.007 | 0.016 | 0.020 | −0.015 | 0.012 | |
| (95% CI) | (0.029; 0.076) | (0.004; 0.011) | (0.009; 0.022) | (0.011; 0.032) | (−0.024; −0.007) | (0.006; 0.020) | |
| ab/c | 0.340 | 0.538 | 0.410 | 0.417 | 0.405 | 0.408 | |
| MIND diet | a path (p) | 0.021 (0.074) | 0.021 (0.075) | 0.021 (0.073) | 0.024 (0.041) | 0.039 (0.006) | 0.033 (0.012) |
| b path (p) | 0.463 (0.016) | 0.061 (0.024) | 0.148 (0.004) | 0.235 (<0.001) | −0.210 (0.002) | 0.149 (<0.001) | |
| c path (p) | 0.144 (<0.001) | 0.014 (0.005) | 0.040 (<0.001) | 0.048 (<0.001) | −0.033 (0.012) | 0.025 (0.003) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.135 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.011) | 0.037 (<0.001) | 0.042 (<0.001) | −0.025 (0.057) | 0.020 (0.014) | |
| ab path | 0.010 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.006 | −0.008 | 0.005 | |
| (95% CI) | (0.0004; 0.026) | (−0.000; 0.004) | (0.0002; 0.009) | (0.001; 0.013) | (−0.018; −0.003) | (0.001; 0.011) | |
| ab/c | 0.069 | 0.071 | 0.075 | 0.125 | 0.242 | 0.200 | |
| Social Engagement | a path (p) | 0.017 (0.001) | 0.017 (0.001) | 0.017 (0.002) | 0.017 (0.002) | 0.019 (0.002) | 0.019 (<0.001) |
| b path (p) | 1.573 (0.008) | 0.182 (0.032) | 0.554 (<0.001) | 0.562 (0.006) | −0.448 (0.021) | 0.253 (0.058) | |
| c path (p) | 0.126 (0.003) | 0.013 (0.032) | 0.034 (0.003) | 0.044 (0.002) | −0.026 (0.064) | 0.023 (0.014) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.100 (0.018) | 0.010 (0.109) | 0.025 (0.029) | 0.035 (0.017) | −0.018 (0.216) | 0.019 (0.056) | |
| ab path | 0.027 | 0.003 | 0.009 | 0.009 | −0.009 | 0.005 | |
| (95% CI) | (0.009; 0.065) | (0.001; 0.007) | (0.003; 0.019) | (0.003; 0.021) | (−0.019; −0.002) | (0.001; 0.011) | |
| ab/c | 0.214 | 0.231 | 0.265 | 0.205 | 0.339 | 0.217 | |
| Age | a path (p) | −0.062 (0.187) | −0.062 (0.185) | 0.055 (0.253) | −0.060 (0.216) | −0.067 (0.242) | −0.060 (0.249) |
| b path (p) | −0.305 (<0.001) | −0.043 (<0.001) | −0.080 (<0.001) | −0.118 (<0.001) | 0.097 (<0.001) | −0.080 (<0.001) | |
| c path (p) | 0.139 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.006) | 0.039 (<0.001) | 0.047 (<0.001) | −0.037 (0.002) | 0.025 (0.001) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.121 (<0.001) | 0.010 (0.015) | 0.035 (<0.001) | 0.040 (<0.001) | −0.030 (0.004) | 0.020 (0.002) | |
| ab path | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.007 | −0.006 | 0.005 | |
| (95% CI) | (−0.005; 0.051) | (−0.001; 0.006) | (−0.003; 0.012) | (−0.002; 0.018) | (−0.016; 0.003) | (−0.002; 0.012) | |
| ab/c | 0.137 | 0.231 | 0.103 | 0.149 | 0.162 | 0.200 | |
| HADS-Depression | a path (p) | −0.126 (<0.001) | −0.126 (<0.001) | −0.131 (<0.001) | −0.124 (<0.001) | 0.123 (<0.001) | −0.115 (<0.001) |
| b path (p) | −0.087 (0.401) | 0.004 (0.775) | −0.061 (0.029) | −0.055 (0.122) | 0.037 (0.307) | −0.026 (0.255) | |
| c path (p) | 0.138 (<0.001) | 0.012 (0.008) | 0.040 (<0.001) | 0.048 (<0.001) | −0.037 (0.002) | 0.025 (0.001) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.127 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.010) | 0.032 (<0.001) | 0.041 (<0.001) | −0.033 (0.010) | .0022 (0.007) | |
| ab path | 0.011 | −0.001 | 0.008 | 0.007 | −0.005 | 0.003 | |
| (95% CI) | (−0.014; 0.038) | (−0.004; 0.004) | (0.001; 0.016) | (−0.003; 0.016) | (−0.014; 0.004) | (−0.003; 0.009) | |
| ab/c | 0.080 | 0.083 | 0.200 | 0.146 | 0.135 | 0.120 | |
| Fried Frailty | a path (p) | −0.039 (<0.001) | −0.039 (<0.001) | −0.037 (<0.001) | −0.036 (<0.001) | −0.038 (<0.001) | −0.036 (<0.001) |
| b path (p) | −2.189 (<0.001) | −0.214 (<0.001) | −0.543 (0.005) | −0.737 (<0.001) | 0.682(<0.001) | −0.475 (<0.001) | |
| c path (p) | 0.140 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.006) | 0.039 (<0.001) | 0.047 (<0.001) | −0.037 (0.002) | 0.025 (0.001) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.055 (0.077) | 0.005 (0.311) | 0.019 (0.024) | 0.021 (0.042) | −0.011 (0.315) | 0.008 (0.271) | |
| ab path | 0.085 | 0.008 | 0.020 | 0.026 | −0.026 | 0.017 | |
| (95% CI) | (0.054; 0.0121) | (0.005; 0.013) | (0.012; 0.030) | (0.016; 0.038) | (−0.040; −0.015) | (0.010; 0.024) | |
| ab/c | 0.607 | 0.615 | 0.513 | 0.553 | 0.703 | 0.680 | |
| mCAIDE | a path (p) | −0.044 (0.003) | −0.044 (0.003) | −0.042 (0.005) | −0.044 (0.004) | −0.041 (0.022) | −0.042 (0.011) |
| b path (p) | −0.739 (<0.001) | −0.091 (<0.001) | −0.198 (<0.001) | −0.243 (<0.001) | 0.261 (<0.001) | −0.209 (<0.001) | |
| c path (p) | 0.141 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.005) | 0.039 (<0.001) | 0.048 (<0.001) | −0.037 (0.002) | 0.025 (0.001) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.109 (<0.001) | 0.009 (0.043) | 0.031 (<0.001) | 0.037 (<0.001) | −0.027 (0.015) | 0.016 (0.019) | |
| ab path | 0.032 | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.011 | −0.011 | 0.009 | |
| (95% CI) | (0.011; 0.059) | (0.002; 0.008) | (0.003; 0.017) | (0.004; 0.020) | (−0.021; −0.002) | (0.003; 0.017) | |
| ab/c | 0.227 | 0.308 | 0.250 | 0.229 | 0.297 | 0.36 | |
| Charlson Comorbidities | a path (p) | −0.003 (0.739) | −0.003 (0.734) | −0.004 (0.633) | −0.004 (0.684) | 0.003 (0.811) | −0.000 (0.988) |
| b path (p) | −0.892 (<0.001) | −0.102 (0.002) | −0.315 (<0.001) | −0.386 (<0.001) | 0.321 (<0.001) | −0.203 (<0.001) | |
| c path (p) | 0.141 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.005) | 0.039 (<0.001) | 0.048 (<0.001) | −0.037 (0.002) | 0.025 (0.001) | |
| c’ path (p) | 0.139 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.005) | 0.038 (<0.001) | 0.047 (<0.001) | −0.038 (<0.001) | 0.025 (<0.001) | |
| ab path | 0.003 | 0.0003 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.000 | |
| (95% CI) | (−0.011; 0.019) | (−0.001; 0.002) | (−0.004; 0.007) | (−0.004; 0.008) | (−0.005; 0.006) | (−0.003; 0.004) | |
| ab/c | 0.021 | 0.023 | 0.026 | 0.021 | 0.027 | − |
Bold signifies significant p-value after controlling for multiple comparisons. MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Impairment; HVLT, Hopkins Verbal Learning Task; NSCT, Number Symbol Coding Task; QPAR, Quick Physical Activity Rating; MIND, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mCAIDE, modified Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia.