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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicology. 2019 Dec 13;430:152345. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152345

Figure 9.

Figure 9.

H2S exposure activates astrocyte and microglia in addition to neuronal injury. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18 from astrocytes and microglia may accelerate neuronal inflammation leading to massive neurodegeneration in IC.