Table 1.
Baseline characters of included studies.
| Study | Sample size | Analgesic methods | Population | Age | ASA physical status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | ||
| Xiujuan et al., 2009 [16] | 96 | 90 | Butorphanol i.v. infusion with morphine PCA | Saline infusion with morphine PCA | Total abdominal hysterectomy | 47 ± 15 | 46 ± 13 | I/II | I/II |
| Zhang et al., 2016 a [17] | 20 | 20 | Butorphanol in combination with dexmedetomidine | Sufentanil in combination with dexmedetomidine | Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors | 55.00 ± 11.12 | 60.20 ± 9.27 | I/II | I/II |
| Zhang et al., 2016 a [17] | 20 | 20 | Butorphanol in combination with dexmedetomidine | Sufentanil in combination with dexmedetomidine | Laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors | 53.30 ± 10.42 | 55.50 ± 10.76 | I/II | I/II |
| Hu et al., 2009 [9] | 30 | 30 | Butorphanol 4 mg + 1% ropivacaine 10 mL + saline diluted to 100 ml | Morphine 4 mg + 1% ropivacaine 10 mL + normal saline diluted to 100 mL | Hip replacement | 73.8 ± 11.7 | 73.8 ± 11.7 | I/II | I/II |
| Jianping and Zebin, 2012 [11] | 100 | 100 | Butorphanol tartrate 8 mg, fentanyl 1 mg plus 0.9% chlorination diluted to 150 ml | Fentanyl 1.5 mg, 0.9% sodium chloride diluted to 150 ml | Cesarean section | 21–35 | 21–35 | I/II | I/II |
| Huaping et al., 2009 [10] | 50 | 50 | Butorphanol 6 mg + fentanyl 0.6 mg + ondan diazem 8 mg, diluted to 100 mL with 0.9% saline | Fentanyl 1.2 mg + ondan diazem 8 mg diluted to 0.9 ml with 0.9% normal saline | Uterine and ovarian surgery | 42 ± 10 | 40 ± 12 | I/II | I/II |
| Xinxia et al., 2008 [15] | 50 | 50 | Butorphanol 5 mg + fentanyl 0.5 mg + 0.9% NaCl 100 mL | Fentanyl 1 mg+0.9% NaCl 100 ml | Subtotal hysterectomy | 40–65 | 40–65 | I/II | I/II |
| Wang et al. 2009 [13] | 20 | 20 | Butorphanol 7 mg + fentanyl 0.3 mg/100 ml | Fentanyl 1 mg/100 ml | Lower extremity fracture | 18–50 | 18–50 | I/II | I/II |
| Lai et al., 2010 [12] | 20 | 20 | Fentanyl 0.5 mg + butorphanol tartrate 5 mg + ondansetron 8 mg + normal saline to 100 mL | Fentanyl 1 mg + ondansetron 8 mg + saline to 100 mL | Patients under thyroid surgery | 21–51 | 21–52 | I/II | I/II |
| Xianyang et al., 2010 [14] | 20 | 20 | Butorphanol 5 mg + fentanyl 0.5 mg + ondansetron 8 mg | Fentanyl 1.0 mg + ondansetron 8 mg | Cesarean section | 26.37 ± 2.37 | 26.13 ± 3.21 | ||
T, treatment group; C, control group.