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. 2021 Jul 31;148(4):996–1006.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.022

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© 2021 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

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Fig 2 — Identification of NK-cell subsets and phenotypes of each subset using flow cytometry. Data from samples obtained on the day of diagnosis (day 1) are presented for patients with COVID-19 (A-D). A, Representative flow cytometry plots showing the gating strategy for CD3^–CD56⁺ NK cells on the left. Right bar plots show cumulative data regarding the frequency of NK cells among CD14^–CD19^– lymphocytes in healthy donors (green bar, n = 13), patients with influenza (blue bar, n = 7), patients with mild COVID-19 (orange bar, n = 17), and patients with severe COVID-19 (red bar, n = 8). B, Flow cytometry plots of NK cells from a representative healthy donor, patients with influenza, patients with mild COVID-19, and patients with severe COVID-19 with identification of each NK-cell subset: subset 1 represents cCD56^bright NK cells, subset 2 cCD56^dim NK cells, and subset 3 uCD56^dim NK cells. The frequencies of each subset among NK cells are presented. C, Bar plots showing cumulative data regarding the relative frequencies of each subset among NK cells in healthy donors (green bar), patients with influenza (blue bar), patients with mild COVID-19 (orange bar), and patients with severe COVID-19 (red bar). D, Pie charts showing the average frequency of each NK-cell subset by disease group: green slice for cCD56^bright, blue slice for cCD56^dim, and red slice for uCD56^dim NK cells. E, Expansion of the uCD56^dim NK-cell population during the early acute phase of COVID-19. Flow cytometry plots for 2 patients (Pt 4 and Pt 6) on the day of symptom onset, 2 days after symptom onset, and 4 days after symptom onset are presented. FSC-A, Forward scatter-area; FSC-H, forward scatter-height; ns, not significant; Pt, patient; SSC-A, side scatter-area. ∗P < .05. ∗∗P < .01. ∗∗∗P < .001. ∗∗∗∗P < .0001.