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. 2021 Jul 7;2(7):100328. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100328

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The gut microbiota metabolite butyrate promotes antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells and improves chemotherapy efficacy through ID2-dependent IL-12 signaling

By inhibiting HDAC activity in CD8+ T cells, butyrate induces ID2 expression, which leads to the upregulation of IFN-g and IL-12 receptor expression. The gut microbiota can be modulated through various strategies: metabolite supplementation, dietary intervention, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), or the use of next-generation probiotics producing SCFA for instance, such as F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila.