Table 1. Participant characteristics for the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and typically developing (TD) groups.
Receptive Language refers to children’s score on the Auditory Comprehension scale of the Preschool Language Scales, 5th edition. Nonverbal Cognition refers to children’s score on the Visual Reception scale of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Autism severity refers to children’s standardized calibrated severity scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd edition.
| ASD (n = 58) | TD (n = 44) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Range | Mean (SD) | Range | ||
| Age (months) | 43.79 (3.52) | 37–50 | 26.66 (5.82) | 18–36 | * |
| Maternal education (years) | 13.78 (2.11) | 10–22 | 17.34 (2.27) | 12–24 | * |
| Autism severity | 8.19 (1.63) | 4–10 | - | - | |
| Receptive Language | |||||
| PLS AC Raw | 25.63 (11.89) | 10–56 | 33.71 (7.96) | 19–49 | * |
| PLS AC Standard Score | 66.21 (20.64) | 50–133 | 111.38 (14.14) | 81–137 | * |
| Nonverbal Cognition | |||||
| Mullen VR Raw | 29.84 (8.49) | 14–48 | 32.09 (7.11) | 20–49 | |
| Mullen VR T-Score | 29.6 (14.0) | 19–63 | 59.9 (11.5) | 39–81 | * |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 50 | 43 | |||
| Black | 2 | 0 | |||
| Asian | 0 | 0 | |||
| Native American/Alaska Native | 1 | 0 | |||
| More than one race | 5 | 1 | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 4 | 0 | |||
*
Indicates group differences at p < 0.05.