Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| All patients | LR (+) (n = 100) | LR (−) (n = 188) | p value | VLR (+) (n = 32) | VLR (−) (n = 173) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male), n (%) | 183 (63.5) | 60 (60.0) | 123 (65.4) | 0.371 | 22 (68.8) | 112 (64.7) | 0.84 |
| Age, years | 65.8 ± 10.8 | 66.2 ± 10.6 | 65.6 ± 10.9 | 0.636 | 65.8 ± 9.8 | 65.3 ± 10.8 | 0.806 |
| Age > 65, n (%) | 169 (58.7) | 61 (61.0) | 108 (57.4) | 0.616 | 20 (62.5) | 99 (57.2) | 0.697 |
| BMI | 28.6 ± 5.4 | 28.8 ± 6.5 | 28.5 ± 4.8 | 0.624 | 28.9 ± 7.5 | 28.6 ± 5.0 | 0.807 |
| BMI > 28, n (%) | 135 (46.9) | 42 (42.0) | 93 (49.5) | 0.265 | 14 (43.8) | 86 (49.7) | 0.569 |
| Type of AF | <0.001 | 0.014 | |||||
| Paroxysmal, n (%) | 133 (46.2) | 30 (30.0) | 103 (54.8) | <0.001 | 9 (28.1) | 93 (53.8) | 0.012 |
| Persistent, n (%) | 142 (49.3) | 63 (63.0) | 79 (42.0) | 0.001 | 21 (65.6) | 75 (43.4) | 0.033 |
| Long-standing, n (%) | 13 (4.5) | 7 (7.0) | 6 (3.2) | 0.148 | 2 (6.2) | 5 (2.9) | 0.3 |
| Duration of AF | |||||||
| > 3 years, n (%) | 54 (18.8) | 18 (18.0) | 36 (19.1) | 0.875 | 6 (18.8) | 31 (17.9) | 1 |
| > 6 years, n (%) | 30 (10.4) | 12 (12.0) | 18 (9.6) | 0.547 | 3 (9.4) | 14 (8.1) | 0.733 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 31 (10.8) | 15 (15.0) | 16 (8.5) | 0.11 | 2 (6.2) | 12 (6.9) | 1 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 75 (26.0) | 28 (28.0) | 47 (25.0) | 0.576 | 7 (21.9) | 42 (24.3) | 1 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 24 (8.3) | 12 (12.0) | 12 (6.4) | 0.118 | 4 (12.5) | 10 (5.8) | 0.241 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 8 (2.8) | 4 (4.0) | 4 (2.1) | 0.455 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.3) | 1 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 229 (79.5) | 88 (88.0) | 141 (75.0) | 0.009 | 31 (96.9) | 129 (74.6) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 44 (15.3) | 18 (18.0) | 26 (13.8) | 0.391 | 5 (15.6) | 24 (13.9) | 0.784 |
| Vascular disease, n (%) | 42 (14.6) | 17 (17.0) | 25 (13.3) | 0.483 | 5 (15.6) | 22 (12.7) | 0.582 |
| TIA/Stroke, n (%) | 29 (10.1) | 8 (8.0) | 21 (11.2) | 0.538 | 1 (3.1) | 20 (11.6) | 0.21 |
| COPD, n (%) | 19 (6.6) | 7 (7.0) | 12 (6.4) | 0.809 | 2 (6.2) | 11 (6.4) | 1 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 45 (15.6) | 16 (16.0) | 29 (15.4) | 1 | 5 (15.6) | 28 (16.2) | 1 |
| LVEF, % | 52.0 ± 8.7 | 50.3 ± 9.0 | 53.0 ± 8.4 | 0.014 | 51.3 ± 10.2 | 53.1 ± 8.3 | 0.275 |
| LVEF < 50, n (%) | 77 (26.7) | 33 (33.0) | 44 (23.4) | 0.094 | 9 (28.1) | 41 (23.7) | 0.655 |
| LA diameter, mm | 42.0 ± 5.6 | 43.3 ± 5.8 | 41.4 ± 5.5 | 0.005 | 42.4 ± 4.8 | 41.2 ± 5.3 | 0.246 |
| LA area, cm2 | 24.6 ± 5.7 | 26.1 ± 6.6 | 23.8 ± 5.0 | 0.001 | 24.5 ± 4.1 | 23.6 ± 5.0 | 0.355 |
| LA area > 21, n (%) | 206 (71.5) | 78 (78.0) | 128 (68.1) | 0.099 | 25 (78.1) | 114 (65.9) | 0.218 |
| LAVI, ml/m2 | 43.4 ± 15.8 | 47.5 ± 18.4 | 41.2 ± 13.8 | 0.001 | 42.8 ± 11.4 | 40.4 ± 13.4 | 0.333 |
| Bundle branch block, n (%) | 47 (16.4) | 27 (27.0) | 20 (10.7) | 0.001 | 9 (28.1) | 17 (9.9) | 0.009 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 74.7 ± 18.4 | 74.3 ± 19.4 | 75.0 ± 17.9 | 0.751 | 74.5 ± 18.1 | 75.2 ± 17.8 | 0.824 |
| eGFR < 60, n (%) | 64 (22.2) | 26 (26.0) | 38 (20.2) | 0.298 | 7 (21.9) | 34 (19.7) | 0.811 |
Values are given as the mean ± SD, median (25th, 75th interquartile range), or n (%)
LR, late recurrence; VLR, very late recurrence; BMI, body mass index; AF, atrial fibrillation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LA, left atrium; LAVI left atrial volume index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate