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. 2021 Jul 30;4:928. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02427-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a 1 mM acetate (Ac) increased the neutrophil expression of complement (CD11b and CD35) and Fcγ (CD16) receptors given as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) measured by flow cytometry. b Incubation of neutrophils for 15 min with the indicated acetate concentrations increased the phagocytic capacity as well as (c) the ability to kill S. aureus (MOI of 1) during a 15-min incubation period. Bacterial killing is expressed as dead vs. input bacterial counts (%). c CATPB-mediated GPR43 inhibition decreased the neutrophil capacity to kill S. aureus after 3.5 h co-incubation (MOI 1). d Addition of 1 mM acetate (Ac) at the indicated time points after the start of the S. aureus killing assay still improved the ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria. Data in panels b and c represent means from n = 4, in panel a means from n = 5 and in panel d means from n = 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 ***P < 0.001, significant difference versus the indicated condition as calculated by the paired two-tailed Student’s t test (a, b), or one way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (c and d).