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. 2021 Jul 30;4:929. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02446-x

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

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Fig. 2 — a Heat map showing the differential gene expression in the spleen (with or without 24 h of L. major freeze–thaw antigen restimulation; ±FTAg) of LmWT infected and LmCen^-/- immunized hamsters at 7 weeks post inoculation. Downregulation and upregulation of the transcripts are shown in blue, yellow and pink respectively. Transcripts are annotated in the left side according to their general functions. For heat map, results were shown as log₁₀ fold change over naive hamster. b Expression profile of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-21, IL-10, and IFN-γ/IL-10 Ratio in the spleen which was evaluated by RT-PCR. The expression levels of genes of interest were determined by the 2^−ΔΔCt method; samples were normalized to either γ-actin expression or 18S RNA and determined relative to expression values from naive hamsters. The results were pooled of two independent experiments. Results (Mean ± SD) represent cumulative effect of two independent experiments (n = 4 for Naive, n = 9 for LmWT, and n = 8 for LmCen^−/−) (p values were determined by Mann–Whitney two-tailed test). c Ingenuity pathway analysis comparing the expression of the immune markers in LmWT and LmCen^−/− groups showing upstream regulators as predicted by the IPA is shown. Most upstream regulators are shared between the LmWT and LmCen^−/− infections as shown in the area of intersection. The statistical analysis is provided in Supplementary Information.