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. 2021 Jul 30;4:929. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02446-x

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021

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Fig. 5 — a Production of GLP-grade LmCen^−/− parasite. b Growth behavior of parasite during bioreactor cultivation. c Morphology (magnification ×400) of the parasite during 4 days of bioreactor cultivation. d Photographs (left panel) of representative spleen samples of both LmCen^−/−-immunized and nonimmunized hamsters following 10 months post challenge as well as one age-matched naive hamster is shown. e, f Parasite load in the spleen (e) and liver (f) of hamsters either immunized with GLP-grade LmCen^−/− (Imm Chal, n = 6) parasites or age-matched nonimmunized control (Non-Imm Chal, n = 5) were determined following 10 months of post challenge with L. donovani-infected sand flies. Results plotted as geometric means with 95% Cl from one experiment (p values were determined by Mann–Whitney two-tailed test). g Kaplan–Meier survival curves of GLP-grade LmCen^−/−-immunized hamsters (Imm Chal; blue lines, n = 6) following challenge with L. donovani-infected sand flies and compared with age-matched nonimmunized-challenged group (Non-Imm Chal; red lines, n = 5).