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. 2021 Jul 30;11:15538. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94622-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of male diet on sperm competitive ability in the two different bedbug lineages. The proportion of sired offspring (paternity; P2) when tester females were mated first with males from the same population and subsequently with focal males differing in diet (original or foreign, resp. bat or human blood) and genetic origin (bat (BL, purple colour) or human lineage (HL, green colour)). (a) The change of P2 over the egg laying period varied between lineages and diets: P2 in HLs increased at a slower rate on human than on bat blood. Lightly coloured lines represent the average P2 over egg laying for each population and the dark coloured lines with 95% confidence intervals show the average P2 for the lineages. Solid lines correspond to the original diet, dashed lines to foreign diet. (b) The male's origin or diet showed no clear effect on the overall P2, even though P2 seems to be generally higher on bat blood. Grey symbols represent individual data points. Coloured symbols and error bars show the mean and standard error for the individual male population (different colour shades and point shapes).