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. 2021 Jul 30;11:15571. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95057-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental design of the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test (A). Altered object exploration ration in the NOR test. Heat map analysis of animal tracking following NOR test (B). Each group shows similar preferential investigation of the novel objects before mTBI (C, D). Differences in the degree of impaired discrimination index following mTBI between DPBS and Ceria NSs or Ceria NRs (E). Mice treated with cerium oxide nanoparticles showed better preference for novel objects than DPBS, indicating cognitive improvement after injury.