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. 2021 Jul 30;11:15508. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94938-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inhibition of IL-1β-induced cartilage damage via the TRPV4/CaMKK pathway. (a) Real-time PCR analysis of relative expression of MMP-13, AGC and SOX9 in BACs treated with IL-1β, GSK101, and STO-609 for 12 h. Pre-treatment with STO-609 canceled the suppressive effect of GSK101 on IL-1β-induced up-regulation of MMP-13 and down-regulation of AGC mRNA. Pre-treatment with STO-609 also canceled the suppressive effect of GSK101 on up-regulation of SOX9 mRNA. (b) Real-time PCR of relative expression of MMP-13 in HACs treated with IL-1β, GSK101, and STO-609 for 12 h, and (c) Western blot analysis of relative expression of MMP-13 in HACs treated with IL-1β, GSK101, and STO-609 for 48 h. (b), (c) showed that pre-treatment with STO-609 canceled the suppressive effect of GSK101 on IL-1β-induced up-regulation of MMP-13 mRNA and protein. Each experiment was repeated three times. Each group of the membrane associated with MMP-13 and the membrane associated with β-actin were different while their protein samples were the same. ∫p < 0.05 compared to untreated control; †p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. BAC: bovine articular cell; CaMKK: calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase; HAC: human articular cell.