Table 1. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Stepped-care (n = 74) | In-person CBT (n = 78) | |
| Sex | ||
| Girls | 46 (62) | 48 (62) |
| Boys | 28 (38) | 30 (39) |
| Age, mean (SD) [range], y | 13.4 (2.6) [8-17] | 13.4 (2.5) [8-17] |
| Educational level of parenta | ||
| Primary school | 2 (3) | 0 |
| Secondary school | 8 (11) | 8 (10) |
| College or university | ||
| <2 y | 8 (11) | 8 (10) |
| ≥2 y | 53 (72) | 60 (77) |
| Doctorate | 3 (4) | 2 (3) |
| Occupational status of parenta | ||
| Working | 68 (92) | 75 (96) |
| Student | 0 | 3 (4) |
| On sick leave | 6 (8) | 0 |
| Comorbidity | ||
| None | 50 (68) | 50 (64) |
| Depressive episode | 6 (8) | 12 (15) |
| Anxiety disorders | ||
| Specific phobia | 9 (12) | 6 (8) |
| Social phobia | 4 (5) | 4 (5) |
| GAD | 4 (5) | 3 (4) |
| Panic disorder | 1 (1) | 2 (3) |
| Separation anxiety | 1 (1) | 2 (3) |
| Health anxiety | 0 | 1 (1) |
| Tic disorder | 6 (8) | 8 (10) |
| ADHD | 6 (8) | 4 (5) |
| Eating disorder | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Medication (ongoing) | ||
| None | 69 (93) | 74 (95) |
| SSRI | 2 (3) | 3 (4) |
| Sleep hormone | 2 (3) | 2 (2) |
| Central stimulants | 2 (3) | 0 |
| Antihistamine | 0 | 0 |
| Baseline CY-BOCS score, mean (SD) [range]b | 22.96 (3.64) [16-32] | 22.95 (3.70) [17-33] |
| Baseline total societal costs, mean (SD), $ | 3479 (3907) | 3098 (3396) |
| Source of referral | ||
| Clinician | 54 (73) | 56 (72) |
| Self | 20 (27) | 22 (28) |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; CY-BOCS, Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; SSRI, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors.
a
The parent mainly responsible for study participation.
b
CY-BOCS scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.