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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 31.
Published in final edited form as: Science. 2019 Dec 19;366(6472):1531–1536. doi: 10.1126/science.aav4011

Fig. 2. VDAC oligomerization is required for mtDNA fragment release.

Fig. 2.

(A) ISG expression levels in WT and Vdac1/3−/− MEFs. (B) cmtDNA levels were determined in WT and Vdac1/3−/− MEFs after treatment with H2O2 (100 μM) for 18 h. (C) ISG expression levels were measured in WT and Vdac1/3−/− MEFs after knocking down Endog. (D and E) cmtDNA (D) and ISG expression (E) levels were measured after treatment with VBIT-4 (10 μM) in Endog−/− MEFs. (F) VDAC1 oligomerization-dependent release of mtDNA from mtDNA-loaded liposomes and inhibition by VBIT-4. (G) Fragment-size distribution of the fimtDNA and cmtDNA. All values are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005; ns, not significant.