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. 2021 Jul 31;50(1):27–41. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01671-0

Table 1.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients in the included studies

Author and year Age: mean ± SD/ median (IQR) and
Male: (%)
Total number of patients studied and Country Outcomes: remdesivir vs placebo or standard care Major coexisting conditions:
Remdesivir vs Placebo
No. of patients recovered while taking supplemental oxygen: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%) No. of patients recovered while on non-invasive ventilation:
Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
No. of patients recovered while on mechanical ventilation:
Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
Beigel et al. 2020 [9]

RDV:58.6 ± 14.6, (65.1)

Control:59.2 ± 15.4, (63.7)

1062 (Remdesivir = 541, control = 521), United States, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Greece, Germany, Korea, Mexico, Spain, Japan, Singapore

Median time to recovery, IQR: 10 (9–11) vs 15 (13–18)

Mortality by day 14: 35/541 vs 61/521

Mortality by day 29: 59/541 vs 77/521

Total recoveries: 399/541 vs 352/521

Serious AEs: 131/532 vs 163/516

Grade 3/4AEs: 273/541 vs 295/521

Increased AST: 18/541 vs 33/521

Increased ALT: 12/541 vs 24/521

Decreased GFR:55/541 vs 74/521

Increased bilirubin: 9/541 vs 16/521

Type 2 diabetes: 164/532 vs 158/519

Hypertension: 269/532 vs 264/519

Obesity: 242/531 vs 234/518

Day 0:232 (42.9) vs 203 (38.9)

Day 8: 101 (18.7) vs 111 (21.3)

Day 14:51 (9.4) vs 69 (13.2)

Day 28: 13 (2.4) vs 28

Day 0:95 (17.6) vs 98 (18.8)

Day 8: 65 (12.0) vs 76 (14.6)

Day 14:46 (8.5) vs 62 (11.9)

Day 28:27 (4.9) vs 27 (5.2)

Day 0:131 (24.2) vs 154 (29.6)

Day 8:122 (22.6) vs 149 (28.6)

Day14:110 (20.3) vs 130 (25.0)

Day 28:42 (7.8) vs 48 (9.2)

Wang et al. 2020 [10] RDV:66 (57–73), (56) Control: 64 (53–70), (65) 237 (Remdesivir = 158 vs control = 78), China

Median time to improvement, IQR: 21(13‐28) vs 23 (15‐28)

Mortality by day 14: 15/153 vs 7/78

Mortality by day 28: 22/150 vs 10/77

Patients improved on 14: 42/158 vs 18/78

Patients improved on 28:103/158 vs 45/78

Serious adverse events: 28/155 vs 20/78

Increased bilirubin: 15/155 vs 7/78

Increased AST: 7/155 vs 9/78

Thrombocytopenia: 16/155 vs 5/78

Hypertension: 72/158 vs 30/78

Diabetes: 40/158 vs 16/78

Heart disease (HD): 15/158 vs 2/78

Day 1:129 (81.6) vs 65 (83.3)

Day 7: 87 (55.1) vs 43 (55.1)

Day 14: 61 (38.6) vs 28 (35.9)

Day 28: 18 (11.4) vs 13 (16.7)

Day 1: 28 (17.7) vs 9 (11.5)

Day 7:26 (16.5) vs 8 (10.3)

Day 14: 13 (8.2) vs 8 (10.3)

Day 28: 2 (1.3) vs 2 (2.6)

Day 1: 0 (0.0) vs 1(1.3)

Day 7: 6 (3.8) vs 4 (5.1)

Day 14: 4 (2.5) vs 7 (9.0)

Day 28: 2 (1.3) vs 3 (3.8)

Author and year Age: mean ± SD/ median (IQR) and
Male: (%)
Total number of patients and Country Outcomes: Remdesivir vs placebo or standard care Major coexisting conditions:
Remdesivir vs Placebo
No. of patients recovered while taking supplemental oxygen: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%) No. of patients recovered while on non-invasive ventilation:
Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
No. of patients recovered while on mechanical ventilation:
Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
Spinner et al.2020 [13]

5‐day RDV: 58 (48–66), (60)

10‐day RDV: 56 (45–66), (61)

Control: 57 (45–66), (63)

596 (10-day remdesivir = 193 vs 5-day remdesivir = 191 vs Standard care = 200), United States, Europe, and Asia

Patients improved clinically on:

Day 14: 146 vs 148 vs 135

Day 28: 171vs 174 vs 166

Patients recovered on:

Day 14: 153 vs 153 vs 145

Day 28: 175 vs 178 vs 170

Mortality on day 11: 2 vs 0 vs 4

Mortality on day 28: 2 vs 3 vs 4

Serious adverse events: 9 vs10 vs18

ALT elevation: 61 vs 57 vs 71

Decreased Cr clearance:26 vs 45vs 55

AST elevation:56 vs 56 vs 60

HD: 111vs 111 vs 107

Hypertension: 85 vs 82 vs 81

Diabetes:

85 vs 71vs 76

Asthma:

31 vs 22 vs 28

Day 1: 23 (11.9) vs 29 (15.2) vs 36 (18.0)

Day 11: 12 (6.2) vs 7 (3.7) vs 11 (5.5)

Day 14: 4 (2.1) vs 5(2.6) vs 8 (4.0)

Day 28: 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.1) vs 5 (2.5)

Day 1: 1 (0.5) vs 2(1.0) vs 2 (1.0)

Day 11: 0 (0.0) vs 5 (2.6) vs 7 (3.5)

Day 14: 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.1) vs 4 (2.0)

Day 28: 1 (0.5) vs 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0)

Day 1: None

Day 11: 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.0)

Day 14: 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0) vs 5 (2.5)

Day 28: 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.0)

Goldman et al. 2020[11]

5-day RDV: 61 (50–69), (60)

10-day RDV: 62 (50–71), (68)

397 (5-day remdesivir = 200 and 10-day remdesivir = 197) United States, Italy,

Spain, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore, South

Korea, and Taiwan

Clinical improvement on day 7:

71 vs 54

Clinical improvement on day 14: 129 vs 107

Time to recovery (median): 10 vs 11

Any serious adverse event: 42 vs 68 Grade ≥ 3 lab abnormality:53 vs 64

Recovery on day 7:71 vs 51

Recovery on day 14:129 vs 106

Diabetes:

47 vs 43

Hyperlipidemia: 40 vs 49

Hypertension: 100 vs 98

Asthma:

27 vs 22

Day 1: 113 (56.5) vs 107 (54.3)

Day 14: 19 (9.5) vs 14 (7.1)

Day 1: 49 (24.5) vs 60 (30.5)

Day 14: 9 (4.5) vs 10 (5.1)

Day 1: 4 (2.0) vs 9(4.6)

Day 14: 16 (8.0) vs 33 (16.8)

Author and year Age: mean ± SD/ median (IQR) and
Male: (%)
Total number of patients and Country Outcomes: Remdesivir vs placebo or standard care Major coexisting conditions:
Remdesivir vs Placebo
No. of patients recovered while taking supplemental oxygen: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%) No. of patients recovered while on non-invasive ventilation:
Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
No. of patients recovered while on mechanical ventilation:
Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
Olender et a l. 2020 [31]

RDV-cohort: 40% ≥ 65yrs, 59% male

Non-RDV: 39% ≥ 65 years, 59% male

1130, United States, Italy, Spain, Germany,

Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan

RDV-cohort vs non-RDV-cohort

Clinical recovery at day 14: 74.4% vs 59.0%

Improvement in clinical status of at least 2 points at day 14:

71.9% vs 58.8%

Improvement in clinical status of at least 1 point at day 14:

76.2% vs 60.2%

Mortality at day 14:

7.6% vs 12.5%

Hypertension: 47 vs 49

Diabetes mellitus:

30 vs 26

HD:

23 vs 22

Cancer:

12 vs 12

Day 1: 197 (63) vs 515 (61)

Day 7 and 14: NA

Day 1: 34 (11) vs 115(14)

Day 7 and 14: NA

Day 1: 25 (8) vs 49 (6)

Day 7 and 14: NA

Grein et al. 2020 [5] 64 (48–71) years, 75% male

61, United States, Japan, Italy,

Austria, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Canada

Mortality: 7/53

Serious adverse events: 12/53

Hypertension: 13/53

Diabetes:9/53

Hyperlipidemia: 6/53

Asthma: 6/53

NA NA NA
Kalligeros 2020 [32] 59 (50–68) years; 67.0% male 224, United States

Mortality by day 28

Time to clinical recovery

Time to clinical improvement

Time to discharge

Obesity: 43 vs 60

HTN: 32 vs 55

Diabetes: 28vs32

HD: 14 vs 35

NA NA NA

NA not available, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, RDV remdesivir, HD heart diseases, HTN hypertension