Table 1.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients in the included studies

Author and year	Age: mean ± SD/ median (IQR) and Male: (%)	Total number of patients studied and Country	Outcomes: remdesivir vs placebo or standard care	Major coexisting conditions: Remdesivir vs Placebo	No. of patients recovered while taking supplemental oxygen: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)	No. of patients recovered while on non-invasive ventilation: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)	No. of patients recovered while on mechanical ventilation: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
Beigel et al. 2020 [9]	RDV:58.6 ± 14.6, (65.1) Control:59.2 ± 15.4, (63.7)	1062 (Remdesivir = 541, control = 521), United States, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Greece, Germany, Korea, Mexico, Spain, Japan, Singapore	Median time to recovery, IQR: 10 (9–11) vs 15 (13–18) Mortality by day 14: 35/541 vs 61/521 Mortality by day 29: 59/541 vs 77/521 Total recoveries: 399/541 vs 352/521 Serious AEs: 131/532 vs 163/516 Grade 3/4AEs: 273/541 vs 295/521 Increased AST: 18/541 vs 33/521 Increased ALT: 12/541 vs 24/521 Decreased GFR:55/541 vs 74/521 Increased bilirubin: 9/541 vs 16/521	Type 2 diabetes: 164/532 vs 158/519 Hypertension: 269/532 vs 264/519 Obesity: 242/531 vs 234/518	Day 0:232 (42.9) vs 203 (38.9) Day 8: 101 (18.7) vs 111 (21.3) Day 14:51 (9.4) vs 69 (13.2) Day 28: 13 (2.4) vs 28	Day 0:95 (17.6) vs 98 (18.8) Day 8: 65 (12.0) vs 76 (14.6) Day 14:46 (8.5) vs 62 (11.9) Day 28:27 (4.9) vs 27 (5.2)	Day 0:131 (24.2) vs 154 (29.6) Day 8:122 (22.6) vs 149 (28.6) Day14:110 (20.3) vs 130 (25.0) Day 28:42 (7.8) vs 48 (9.2)
Wang et al. 2020 [10]	RDV:66 (57–73), (56) Control: 64 (53–70), (65)	237 (Remdesivir = 158 vs control = 78), China	Median time to improvement, IQR: 21(13‐28) vs 23 (15‐28) Mortality by day 14: 15/153 vs 7/78 Mortality by day 28: 22/150 vs 10/77 Patients improved on 14: 42/158 vs 18/78 Patients improved on 28:103/158 vs 45/78 Serious adverse events: 28/155 vs 20/78 Increased bilirubin: 15/155 vs 7/78 Increased AST: 7/155 vs 9/78 Thrombocytopenia: 16/155 vs 5/78	Hypertension: 72/158 vs 30/78 Diabetes: 40/158 vs 16/78 Heart disease (HD): 15/158 vs 2/78	Day 1:129 (81.6) vs 65 (83.3) Day 7: 87 (55.1) vs 43 (55.1) Day 14: 61 (38.6) vs 28 (35.9) Day 28: 18 (11.4) vs 13 (16.7)	Day 1: 28 (17.7) vs 9 (11.5) Day 7:26 (16.5) vs 8 (10.3) Day 14: 13 (8.2) vs 8 (10.3) Day 28: 2 (1.3) vs 2 (2.6)	Day 1: 0 (0.0) vs 1(1.3) Day 7: 6 (3.8) vs 4 (5.1) Day 14: 4 (2.5) vs 7 (9.0) Day 28: 2 (1.3) vs 3 (3.8)

Author and year	Age: mean ± SD/ median (IQR) and Male: (%)	Total number of patients and Country	Outcomes: Remdesivir vs placebo or standard care	Major coexisting conditions: Remdesivir vs Placebo	No. of patients recovered while taking supplemental oxygen: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)	No. of patients recovered while on non-invasive ventilation: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)	No. of patients recovered while on mechanical ventilation: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
Spinner et al.2020 [13]	5‐day RDV: 58 (48–66), (60) 10‐day RDV: 56 (45–66), (61) Control: 57 (45–66), (63)	596 (10-day remdesivir = 193 vs 5-day remdesivir = 191 vs Standard care = 200), United States, Europe, and Asia	Patients improved clinically on: Day 14: 146 vs 148 vs 135 Day 28: 171vs 174 vs 166 Patients recovered on: Day 14: 153 vs 153 vs 145 Day 28: 175 vs 178 vs 170 Mortality on day 11: 2 vs 0 vs 4 Mortality on day 28: 2 vs 3 vs 4 Serious adverse events: 9 vs10 vs18 ALT elevation: 61 vs 57 vs 71 Decreased Cr clearance:26 vs 45vs 55 AST elevation:56 vs 56 vs 60	HD: 111vs 111 vs 107 Hypertension: 85 vs 82 vs 81 Diabetes: 85 vs 71vs 76 Asthma: 31 vs 22 vs 28	Day 1: 23 (11.9) vs 29 (15.2) vs 36 (18.0) Day 11: 12 (6.2) vs 7 (3.7) vs 11 (5.5) Day 14: 4 (2.1) vs 5(2.6) vs 8 (4.0) Day 28: 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.1) vs 5 (2.5)	Day 1: 1 (0.5) vs 2(1.0) vs 2 (1.0) Day 11: 0 (0.0) vs 5 (2.6) vs 7 (3.5) Day 14: 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.1) vs 4 (2.0) Day 28: 1 (0.5) vs 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0)	Day 1: None Day 11: 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.0) Day 14: 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0) vs 5 (2.5) Day 28: 1 (0.5) vs 0 (0.0) vs 4 (2.0)
Goldman et al. 2020[11]	5-day RDV: 61 (50–69), (60) 10-day RDV: 62 (50–71), (68)	397 (5-day remdesivir = 200 and 10-day remdesivir = 197) United States, Italy, Spain, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan	Clinical improvement on day 7: 71 vs 54 Clinical improvement on day 14: 129 vs 107 Time to recovery (median): 10 vs 11 Any serious adverse event: 42 vs 68 Grade ≥ 3 lab abnormality:53 vs 64 Recovery on day 7:71 vs 51 Recovery on day 14:129 vs 106	Diabetes: 47 vs 43 Hyperlipidemia: 40 vs 49 Hypertension: 100 vs 98 Asthma: 27 vs 22	Day 1: 113 (56.5) vs 107 (54.3) Day 14: 19 (9.5) vs 14 (7.1)	Day 1: 49 (24.5) vs 60 (30.5) Day 14: 9 (4.5) vs 10 (5.1)	Day 1: 4 (2.0) vs 9(4.6) Day 14: 16 (8.0) vs 33 (16.8)

Author and year	Age: mean ± SD/ median (IQR) and Male: (%)	Total number of patients and Country	Outcomes: Remdesivir vs placebo or standard care	Major coexisting conditions: Remdesivir vs Placebo	No. of patients recovered while taking supplemental oxygen: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)	No. of patients recovered while on non-invasive ventilation: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)	No. of patients recovered while on mechanical ventilation: Remdesivir vs placebo, N (%)
Olender et a l. 2020 [31]	RDV-cohort: 40% ≥ 65yrs, 59% male Non-RDV: 39% ≥ 65 years, 59% male	1130, United States, Italy, Spain, Germany, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan	RDV-cohort vs non-RDV-cohort Clinical recovery at day 14: 74.4% vs 59.0% Improvement in clinical status of at least 2 points at day 14: 71.9% vs 58.8% Improvement in clinical status of at least 1 point at day 14: 76.2% vs 60.2% Mortality at day 14: 7.6% vs 12.5%	Hypertension: 47 vs 49 Diabetes mellitus: 30 vs 26 HD: 23 vs 22 Cancer: 12 vs 12	Day 1: 197 (63) vs 515 (61) Day 7 and 14: NA	Day 1: 34 (11) vs 115(14) Day 7 and 14: NA	Day 1: 25 (8) vs 49 (6) Day 7 and 14: NA
Grein et al. 2020 [5]	64 (48–71) years, 75% male	61, United States, Japan, Italy, Austria, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Canada	Mortality: 7/53 Serious adverse events: 12/53	Hypertension: 13/53 Diabetes:9/53 Hyperlipidemia: 6/53 Asthma: 6/53	NA	NA	NA
Kalligeros 2020 [32]	59 (50–68) years; 67.0% male	224, United States	Mortality by day 28 Time to clinical recovery Time to clinical improvement Time to discharge	Obesity: 43 vs 60 HTN: 32 vs 55 Diabetes: 28vs32 HD: 14 vs 35	NA	NA	NA

NA not available, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, RDV remdesivir, HD heart diseases, HTN hypertension