Table 3.
Estimation of the effect of period (during the COVID-19 pandemic vs 1 year earlier) on PROMIS GH.
PROMIS GH summary scores and items | Multivariable models‡ |
PS matched models (24 789 pairs) |
Estimations using IPTW |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | |
GMH T-score | −1.208 (0.080) | <.001 | −1.331 (0.081) | <.001 | −1.283 (0.095) | <.001 |
GPH T-score | 0.111 (0.075) | .135 | −0.094 (0.076) | .216 | 0.071 (0.091) | .468 |
GH items | ||||||
|
−0.054 (0.008) | <.001 | −0.066 (0.008) | <.001 | −0.070 (0.010) | <.001 |
|
−0.082 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.097 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.100 (0.011) | <.001 |
|
−0.076 (0.008) | <.001 | −0.100 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.087 (0.010) | <.001 |
|
−0.161 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.162 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.171 (0.011) | <.001 |
|
−0.181 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.204 (0.010) | <.001 | −0.197 (0.012) | <.001 |
|
−0.007 (0.009) | .453 | −0.009 (0.009) | .324 | −0.009 (0.012) | .436 |
|
0.074 (0.008) | <.001 | 0.059 (0.008) | <.001 | 0.082 (0.011) | <.001 |
|
0.051 (0.008) | <.001 | 0.028 (0.008) | <.001 | 0.048 (0.010) | <.001 |
|
−0.146 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.158 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.159 (0.011) | <.001 |
|
−0.023 (0.009) | .011 | −0.031 (0.009) | <.001 | −0.007 (0.012) | .524 |
Note. Estimate and SE presented for the COVID-19 pandemic (vs 1 year earlier); negative estimates indicate worse health-related quality of life in 2020 than in 2019.
GH indicates Global Health; GMH, global mental health; GPH, global physical health; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; PS, propensity score; SE, standard error.
Questions comprise PROMIS GMH summary score.
Questions comprise PROMIS GPH summary score.
Multivariable models adjusted for all variables listed in Table 1.