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. 2021 Jul 31;24(11):1578–1585. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.06.009

Table 3.

Estimation of the effect of period (during the COVID-19 pandemic vs 1 year earlier) on PROMIS GH.

PROMIS GH summary scores and items Multivariable models‡
 PS matched models (24 789 pairs)
 Estimations using IPTW
Estimate (SE) P value Estimate (SE) P value Estimate (SE) P value
GMH T-score −1.208 (0.080) <.001 −1.331 (0.081) <.001 −1.283 (0.095) <.001
GPH T-score 0.111 (0.075) .135 −0.094 (0.076) .216 0.071 (0.091) .468
GH items
  • 1.

    General health

 −0.054 (0.008) <.001 −0.066 (0.008) <.001 −0.070 (0.010) <.001
  • 2.

    Quality of life∗

−0.082 (0.009) <.001 −0.097 (0.009) <.001 −0.100 (0.011) <.001
  • 3.

    Physical health†

−0.076 (0.008) <.001 −0.100 (0.009) <.001 −0.087 (0.010) <.001
  • 4.

    Mental health∗

−0.161 (0.009) <.001 −0.162 (0.009) <.001 −0.171 (0.011) <.001
  • 5.

    Social discretionary∗

−0.181 (0.009) <.001 −0.204 (0.010) <.001 −0.197 (0.012) <.001
  • 6.

    Physical function†

−0.007 (0.009) .453 −0.009 (0.009) .324 −0.009 (0.012) .436
0.074 (0.008) <.001 0.059 (0.008) <.001 0.082 (0.011) <.001
0.051 (0.008) <.001 0.028 (0.008) <.001 0.048 (0.010) <.001
  • 9.

    Social roles

 −0.146 (0.009) <.001 −0.158 (0.009) <.001 −0.159 (0.011) <.001
  • 10.

    Emotional problems∗

−0.023 (0.009) .011 −0.031 (0.009) <.001 −0.007 (0.012) .524

Note. Estimate and SE presented for the COVID-19 pandemic (vs 1 year earlier); negative estimates indicate worse health-related quality of life in 2020 than in 2019.

GH indicates Global Health; GMH, global mental health; GPH, global physical health; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; PS, propensity score; SE, standard error.

∗

Questions comprise PROMIS GMH summary score.

†

Questions comprise PROMIS GPH summary score.

‡

Multivariable models adjusted for all variables listed in Table 1.