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. 2021 Jul 31;191(3):1067–1073. doi: 10.1007/s11845-021-02721-0

Table 1.

The mean Perceived Stress Scale by sociodemographic characteristics

M SD F Multiple comparisons
Age
1.18–34 22.61 4.9 1 > 2,3,4***

2.35–44

3.45–54

4.55 + 

21.88

21.42

19.20

5.3

4.5

5.7

9.75***

2 > 4***

3 > 4***

Gender
1. Male 21.33 5.2 2 > 1***
2. Female 22.87 4.8 37.4***
Category
1. Senior doctor 21.61 5.4

2. Doctor, SHO trainee, registrar

3. Nurse

4. Others

21.71

22.95

21.54

4.5

5.2

4.1

7.70*** 3 > 1,2,4***
ICU current occupancy
1. Below capacity 20.27 4.9

2. Usual capacity

3. Above capacity

4. Well above capacity

20.42

22.82

23.25

4.6

5.2

4.3

30.8***

3 > 1,2***

4 > 1,2***

Type of hospital

1. Local/community hospital

2. Large urban/regional teaching hospital

3. Large tertiary/quaternary care/teaching

4. Other (incl. private)

21.29

22.73

21.90

21.89

3.9

5.5

5.3

4.8

5.16** 2 > 1,3***
Continent

1. Europe

2. Asia

3. Australia

4. Americans

5. Africa

23.66

21.49

20.28

20.93

21.10

5.2

5.7

4.9

3.5

3.6

23.6*** 1 > 2,3,4,5***

F values correspond to the ANOVA test for difference in means

* p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01

Multiple comparisons were done using Tukey’s method

 < and > indicate significant difference between the numbered groups according to Tukey’s multiple comparisons method