Pc/Nc-based agents for PA image-guided phototherapy. (a) In vivo PA (ia) top-view and (ib) side-view MAP images of 4T1-bearing mice before and after intraperitoneal injection of PcS4-PcN4. The gray-scale image represents background PA amplitude, color-scale images represent PA amplitude in the tumor region and depth along the z axis. (ic) In vivo PA amplitude changes in the tumor region over time before and after the injection of PcS4, PcN4, and PcS4-PcN4. (iia) Thermal IR imaging of 4T1-bearing mice with the indicated treatments. (iib) Temperature change curves of 4T1 tumors in mice after the indicated treatments. (iic) Growth curves of tumors in mice after the indicated treatments. Republished with permission, from Li et al., Angew. Chem. 59(22), 8630–8634 (2020). Copyright 2020 John Wiley and Sons Clearance Center, Inc. (b) In vitro anticancer effect. (i) Cytotoxic effects and (ii) temperature of the HeLa cells incubated with NanoPcT and NanoPcTB for 2 h without or with 655 nm laser irradiation. (iii) ROS generation induced by NanoPcT and NanoPcTB in the A549, HeLa, and WI38-VA13 cells in the presence of laser irradiation. Scale bar = 20 μm. Reprinted with permission from Li et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139(31), 10880 (2017). Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. PA, photoacoustic; MAP, maximum amplitude projection; ROS, reactive oxygen species.