TABLE V.

Summary of the representative publications for active delivery of phthalocyanine/naphthalocyanine nanoparticles. $\eta$, photothermal conversion coefficient; $\overline{d}$, mean diameter; PA, photoacoustic, FL, fluorescence, PDT, photodynamic therapy.

Group	Material name	Delivery type	Mechanism	Major features
Wu et al.110	Biotin-conjugated ZnPc nanodots	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	Biotin receptor	• $\eta$ = 45.7%
				• $\overline{d}$ = 80 nm
				• Max. PA signal in +8 hr post-injection
				• Increased phototoxicity with receptor-rich HeLa cell
Ding et al.57	PEG-folate/ZnPc nanodots	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	Folic acid receptor	• $\overline{d}$ = 20 nm
				• Effectively internalized to folate receptor-overexpressed CNE-2 cell
Du et al.113	DBCO-ZnPc-LP	Receptor-mediated endocytosis	Bioorthogonal Metabolic Glycoengineering-Activated Tumor Targeting	• $\overline{d}$ = 78.82 nm
				• Complete self-quenching
				• $\eta$ = ∼ 44.39%
Xie et al.115	PCBP	Triggered release	H2O2-triggered self-immolative PEG arms	• $\overline{d}$ = max. ∼350 nm
				• ∼1.4-fold PA amplitude increase
Li et al.116	NanoPcTB	Triggered release	Photoswitchable protein disassembly	• Biotin receptor-mediated switchable property (FL/PDT)
Li et al.93	Pc-peptide conjugate self-assembly	Phthalocyanine-peptide conjugate self-assembly	Photoswitchable protein disassembly	• L-phenylalanine-L-phenylalanine (FF)—mediated switchable photoactivity (FL/PDT)