. 2021 Jul 30;5(3):031510. doi: 10.1063/5.0047660

TABLE VI.

Summary of the representative publications for biomedical imaging application of phthalocyanine/naphthalocyanine nanoparticles. $λ_{ex}$ , excitation wavelength; PA, photoacoustic; GI, gastrointestinal tract; NP, nanoparticle; FL, fluorescence; PTT, photothermal therapy; PDT, photodynamic therapy; US, ultrasound; HIFU, high-intensity focused ultrasound; MR, magnetic resonance; PET, positron emission tomography.

Group	Agent	$λ_{e x}$ (nm)	Imaging modality	Application	Major features
Huang et al.⁹⁹	PEG-Sn-ONc	900, 944	PA	Blood circulation (brain)	• Absorbance shift from 860 nm to 930 nm via Tin chelation
Huang et al.⁹⁹	PEG-Sn-ONc	900, 944	PA	Blood circulation (brain)	• Prolonged circulation time via axial PEGylation
Zhou et al.⁷⁸	P-Pc	1064	PA	Tumor imaging, GI tract	• High absorbance (>1000) at 1000 nm
Zhou et al.⁷⁸	P-Pc	1064	PA	Tumor imaging, GI tract	• Imaging depth: 11.6 cm (chicken breast tissues), 5 cm (human arm)
Lee et al.¹¹⁷	2,11,20,29,tetra-tert-butyl-2,3-Nc or 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy,-2,3-Nc	707, 860	PA	Lymphatic system imaging	• Dual-color PA imaging of two separate lymphatic systems
Lee et al.¹¹⁷		707, 860	PA	Lymphatic system imaging	• Spectrally stable at a very high concentration
Li et al.¹¹⁶	PF NP	680	PA/FL	Bimodal image-guided PTT/PDT	• Switchable PTT+PA and PDT+FL theranostics
Li et al.¹¹⁶	PF NP	680	PA/FL	Bimodal image-guided PTT/PDT	• Highly selective for biotin receptor-positive cancer cells (e.g. A549)
Choi et al.⁷⁰	Nc/PFH@PCPN	850	PA/US	Bimodal image-guide HIFU therapy	• 0 US imaging contrast when vaporized under HIFU ablation
Wang et al.¹²⁰	Fe₃O₄@PB @PDA/AlPc/BSA	660	PA/FL/MR	Trimodal image-guided PTT/PDT	• Fe₃O₄-based MR contrast
					• Prussian blue (PB) modification for PA-guided PTT
					• Synergistic FL-guided PDT with AlPc photosensitizer
Zhang et al.⁹¹	Surfactant-stripped ONc nanonap	860	PA/PET	Lymphatic mapping, tumor imaging	• ⁶⁴Cu-based PET contrast