TABLE VII.
Summary of the representative publications for probing biological processes with phthalocyanine/naphthalocyanine nanoparticles. PTT, photothermal therapy; PA, photoacoustic; PDT, photodynamic therapy; FL, fluorescence; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
| Group | Agent | Targeting/Probing strategy | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ma et al.92 | ZnPc-SPC | FRα receptor | • FRα over-expressed tumor cell detection (e.g. 4T1) |
| • Multiphase phototheranostics (Phase I: PTT/PA → Phase II: PDT/FL) | |||
| • pH-sensitive drug release in tumor | |||
| Lu et al.123 | PEG-coated Pc/Nc with tert-butyl or butoxy functional groups with/without cRGD surface modification | αVβ3 integrin | • Multiplexed PA imaging |
| • Lewis lung carcinoma tumor detection | |||
| Du et al.113 | DBCO-ZnPc-LP | Metabolic glycoengineering + click chemistry | • PA tumor imaging |
| • PA image-guided PTT/PAT | |||
| Morales et al.124 | DNA-based nanostructure conjugated with Pc and IFNγ receptors | IFNγ receptors (IFNγR1, IFNγR2) | • IFNγ detection |
| Toriumi et al.55 | BPcs derivatives | Free hydroxyl group with esterase-/H2O2-labile markers | • Activatable PA detection of esterase or H2O2 |
| Xie et al.115 | Macromoleuclar PCBP | Four PEG arms with ROS-responsive linker, inducing self-assembling upon ROS-induced cleavage of PEG | • PA detection of ROS during drug treatment |