Table 2.

Physiological effects of NMES-RT and PMT on muscle CSA, ratio of V̇o₂ peak to muscle CSA and mitochondrial complexes

	Baseline	Postintervention	P Values (within/interaction/between)
NMES-RT whole thigh muscle CSA, cm2	76.2 ± 20	92 ± 25	0.002/0.0001/0.12
PMT-whole thigh muscle CSA, cm2	74.7 ± 20	70 ± 18
NMES-RT knee extensor muscle CSA, cm2	33.8 ± 9.4	44.1 ± 13.7	0.0001/0.0001/0.29
PMT- knee extensor muscle CSA, cm2	35.6 ± 11.5	33.7 ± 11.0
NMES-RT exercise V̇o2 peak to whole thigh muscle CSA, mL/min−1/cm−2	7.0 ± 1.9	6.67 ± 2.1	0.8/0.09/0.1
PMT-exercise V̇o2 peak to whole thigh muscle CSA, mL/min−1/cm−2	6.60 ± 2.5	6.9 ± 2.5
NMES-RT exercise V̇o2 peak to knee extensor muscle CSA, mL/min−1/cm−2	15.8 ± 4.5	14.0 ± 4.8	0.25/0.036/0.77
PMT-exercise V̇o2 peak to knee extensor muscle CSA, mL/min−1/cm−2	14.1 ± 5.8	14.6 ± 5.7
NMES-RT complex I (n = 9)^, pmol/s−1/mg−1	10.3 ± 5.3	11.03 ± 6.8	0.8/0.87/0.67
PMT complex I (n = 10)^, pmol/s−1/mg−1	11.62 ± 6.4	11.8 ± 6.64
NMES-RT complex II (n = 9)^, pmol/s−1/mg−1	8.0 ± 2.0	8.2 ± 4.1	0.72/0.57/0.74
PMT complex II (n = 10)^, pmol/s−1/mg−1	8.2 ± 2.66	7.23 ± 4.45
NMES-RT complex IV (n = 9)^, pmol/s−1/mg−1	52.65 ± 26.2	62.0 ± 31.4	0.69/0.65/0.57
PMT complex IV (n = 10)^, pmol/s−1/mg−1	52.5 ± 32.3	51.7 ± 33.3

^{^}Intent to treat analysis approach was used by accounting for missing data using missing value analysis-SPSS for the mitochondria complexes data. Originally 11 subjects (NMES-RT = 5 and PMT = 6; data are included in Supplemental Table S2) out of the 19 had complete mitochondrial data for both baseline and postintervention measurements. The remaining 8 subjects had only either baseline or postintervention mitochondrial data owing to poor muscle quality, technical issues with the oxygraph unit and data loss as a result of crashing of the hard drive.

CSA, cross-sectional area; NMES-RT, neuromuscular electrical stimulation-resistance training; PMT, passive movement training; V̇o₂, oxygen uptake.