Table 4.
Cerebral and cardiovascular reactivity to hypercapnia pre- and postinterventions by group
| SAT |
AET |
P Value (ANOVA) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Time | Group | Time × Group | |
| ΔEtCO2, mmHg | 18.6 (2.0) | 19.4 (2.5) | 18.7 (3.0) | 18.5 (3.6) | 0.526 | 0.627 | 0.213 |
| Peak EtCO2, mmHg | 55.5 (3.4) | 55.3 (3.9) | 53.4 (5.7) | 53.0 (4.4) | 0.716 | 0.074 | 0.919 |
| Δ, % | 0.12 (1.51) | 0.11 (1.33) | 0.61 (1.09) | 0.33 (1.19) | 0.949 | 0.210 | 0.520 |
| ΔHeart rate, beats/min | 9.5 (8.7) | 8.5 (3.1) | 9.6 (7.4) | 8.6 (6.0) | 0.482 | 0.946 | 0.993 |
| ΔMAP, mmHg | 19.7 (6.0) | 21.5 (5.4) | 20.0 (6.0) | 16.6 (5.0)*† | 0.277 | 0.186 | 0.001 |
| ΔCBFV, cm/s | 40.1 (9.2) | 43.6 (9.2) | 39.8 (10.7) | 35.3 (10.4)*† | 0.719 | 0.157 | 0.004 |
| ΔCVCi, cm/s × mmHg | 0.26 (0.07) | 0.28 (0.08) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.24 (0.09) | 0.953 | 0.432 | 0.092 |
| ΔCBFV, % | 83.7 (21.2) | 95.9 (28.1)* | 85.6 (22.4) | 79.2 (23.2) | 0.232 | 0.329 | <0.001 |
| ΔCVCi, % | 52.6 (16.2) | 58.2 (21.0) | 53.3 (20.4) | 52.3 (19.6) | 0.302 | 0.666 | 0.143 |
| ΔCBFV/ΔEtCO2, cm·s−1·mmHg−1 | 2.59 (0.53) | 2.75 (0.66) | 2.62 (0.74) | 2.38 (0.64) | 0.659 | 0.369 | 0.053 |
| %/mmHg | 5.34 (1.22) | 5.87 (1.49)* | 5.66 (1.4) | 5.21 (1.23)* | 0.757 | 0.677 | 0.001 |
| R2 | 0.94 (0.03) | 0.95 (0.03) | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.94 (0.03) | 0.249 | 0.925 | 0.809 |
| ΔCVCi/ΔEtCO2, cm/s·mmHg/mmHg | 0.017 (0.005) | 0.018 (0.005) | 0.018 (0.006) | 0.017 (0.005) | 0.835 | 0.923 | 0.237 |
| %/mmHg | 3.33 (1.07) | 3.60 (1.20) | 3.63 (1.15) | 3.50 (1.09) | 0.501 | 0.780 | 0.054 |
| R2 | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.90 (0.06) | 0.89 (0.05) | 0.90 (0.05) | 0.297 | 0.822 | 0.919 |
| ΔMAP/ΔEtCO2 | |||||||
| Slope, mmHg/mmHg | 1.26 (0.35) | 1.35 (0.36) | 1.18 (0.29) | 1.07 (0.35)*† | 0.691 | 0.097 | 0.005 |
| R2 | 0.92 (0.08) | 0.92 (0.06) | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.91 (0.04) | 0.672 | 0.602 | 0.935 |
Data are presented as means ± SD. Total of 37 subjects (19 in SAT and 18 in AET). Two-way repeated ANOVA was performed to test the main effects of time and group as well as the interaction effect of time-by-group. *P < 0.05 compared with pre. †P < 0.05 compared with SAT. Bold values represent P < 0.05.
AET, aerobic exercise training; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CBFV, cerebral blood flow velocity; CVCi, cerebrovascular conductance index; CVRi, cerebrovascular resistance index; Δ, changes from baseline during hypercapnia; EtCO2, end-tidal CO2; MAP, mean arterial pressure; , arterial blood oxygen saturation; SAT, stretching-and-toning.