Table 2.
Flame retardant, dioxin, and furan biomarkers quantified in urine and serum
| Type of sample | Parent Chemical | Biomarker |
|---|---|---|
| Urinary | Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs) | |
| Triphenyl phosphate (TPP or TPhP), | Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) | |
| Isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | ||
| t-Butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | ||
| 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate | ||
| Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) | Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) | |
| Tri-p-cresyl phosphate (TpCP) | Di-p-cresyl phosphate (DpCP) | |
| Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP or TCIPP) | Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) | |
| Tributyl phosphate (TBP or TBuP) | Dibutyl phosphate (DBP or DBuP) | |
| Tribenzyl phosphate (TBzP) | Dibenzyl phosphate (DBzP) | |
| Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) | Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP) | |
| Tri-o-cresyl phosphate (ToCP) | Di-o-cresyl phosphate (DoCP) | |
| Non-PBDE-brominated flame retardants (NPBFRs) | ||
| 2-Ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) | 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) | |
| Serum | Polybromianted Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) | |
| 2,2’,4-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-17) | BDE-17 BDE-28 | |
| 2,4,4'-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-28) | ||
| 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) | BDE-47 | |
| 2,3',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-66) | BDE-66 | |
| 2,2',3,4,4'-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-85) | BDE-85 | |
| 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) | BDE-99 | |
| 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100) | BDE-100 | |
| 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153 | BDE-153 | |
| 2,2',4,4',5,6'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-154) | BDE-154 | |
| 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183) | BDE-183 | |
| 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-nonabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-206) | BDE-206 | |
| decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) | BDE-209 | |
| Brominated furans | ||
| 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (2378-TeBDF) | 2378-TeBDF | |
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (23478-PeBDF) | 23478-PeBDF | |
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexabromodibenzofuran (123478-HxBDF) | 123478-HxBDF | |
| Chlorinated dioxins | ||
| 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2378-TeCDD) | 2378-TeCDD | |
| 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzodioxin (12378-PeCDD) | 12378-PeCDD | |
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzodioxin (123478-HxCDD) | 123478-HxCDD | |
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzodioxin (123678-HxCDD) | 123678-HxCDD | |
| 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzodioxin (123789-HxCDD) | 123789-HxCDD | |
| 1234678-HpCDD | 1234678-HpCDD | |
| Octachlorodibenzodioxin (OcCDD) | OcCDD | |
| Chlorinated furans | ||
| 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2378-TeCDF) | 2378-TeCDF | |
| 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran (12378-PeCDF) | 12378-PeCDF | |
| (2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran) | 23478-PeCDF | |
| 23478-PeCDF | ||
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (123478-HxCDF) | 123478-HxCDF | |
| 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (123678-HxCDF) | 123678-HxCDF | |
| 123789-HxCDF | 123789-HxCDF | |
| 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran (234678-HxCDF) | 234678-HxCDF | |
| 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran (1234678-HpCDF) | 1234678-HpCDF | |
| 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran (1234789-HpCDF) | 1234789-HpCDF | |
| Octachlorodibenzofuran (OcCDF) | OcCDF |