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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2021 Jun 10;275:120968. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120968

Figure 6. IH-mitigating effect of rapamycin periadventitially delivered using a painting approach (Mode-3).

Figure 6.

Open surgery followed by periadventitial application of UM-NHS (without or with rapamycin) was described in Methods. At post-surgery 14 days arteries were harvested for cross-section preparation and H&E staining. (A) Photographic illustration of the UM-NHS painting approach (Mode-3). Left panel: Balloon-injured common carotid artery after painting UM-NHS with a pen brush (pointed by white arrow head). Note the painted UM-NHS appeared colorless. Right panel: Rat neck at post-surgery Day 14. Note the lack of neck bulging. (B) Representative images of Cy5 fluorescence from artery cross-sections. Cy5 was conjugated on UM. Images were taken on the sections of arteries collected right after UM application (day 0) or 7 days post application (day 7). Autofluorescence from elastic laminae profiles the medial layer. Scale bar: 200 μm. (C) Representative H&E-stained artery cross-sections. Scale bar: 200 μm (low mag), 50 μm (high mag). (D) Morphometric quantification: mean ± SEM, n = 6 rats. Statistics: Student t-test: *P <0.05, **P<0.01. r.u., relative unit. The calculation of I/M ratio, standardized intimal thickness, and stenosis rate is described in Methods.