Fig. 2. Effect of partial cuticular wax removal on mechanical properties of grape berries.

a Splitting resistance (R_s). b Offset yield strength (R_p0.2). ‘Merlot’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Zinfandel’, and ‘Concord’ grape berries were immersed in chloroform for 20 s. The error bars indicate standard errors of the mean (n = 10 for ‘Merlot’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Zinfandel’; n = 5 for ‘Concord’). Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between control and chloroform treatment by Student’s t-test. Letters above brackets indicate significant differences among cultivars by Fisher’s least significant differences test