Recapitulating complex biochemical aspects of microenvironmental signaling. Exploiting bioorthogonal chemistries to immobilize or release biomolecules (e.g., small molecules, peptides, proteins) from biomaterials, reversible patterning of synthetic matrices may be achieved. New technologies such as traction-activated payloads (TrAPs) facilitate cell-mediated release of biomolecules from materials. With an ever-increasing suite of triggers for biomolecule release, the field is progressing towards systems capable of highly multiplexed triggers for on-demand and independent biomolecule release.