Fig. 5.

Exosomes derived from AMSCs promoted proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. A Proliferation rates of fibroblasts treated with exosomes were analyzed by using a proliferation assay kit. B Migration of fibroblasts treated with exosomes was evaluated by an in vitro scratch wound healing assay. A representative of three independent experiments is shown (×100 magnification, scale bar = 200 μm). Fibroblast migration was quantified. C Real-time PCR analysis of the relative mRNA levels of type III collagen, fibronectin, and type I collagen genes was performed in fibroblasts after treatment with exosomes and compared to the respective mRNA levels in untreated cells. D Fibronectin, collagen, and VEGF concentrations were measured in conditioned media by multiplex assay. E The expression of miR-132, miR-21, and miR-29a was analyzed in exosomes produced by AMSCs by real-time PCR. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *Significant difference from untreated control cells, p < 0.05. ##Significant difference from untreated control cells, p < 0.01