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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Neurol. 2020 Jul 28;333:113410. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113410

Table 1.

Behavioral outcome measures for assessing hindpaw function.

Behavior (Hindpaw) Neural Substrate Gross/Fine
Incline Plane Rubrospinal Gross
Grid/Ladder * Corticospinal Fine
Catwalk/Open Field/Activity Box * Vestibulo-, Rubro-, Reticulospinal, CPG Catwalk (Fine)
Open Field (Gross)
Activity Box (Intermediate)
Swimming Similar to locomotion Gross to Fine (Kinematics)
Plantar Placing Lumbar Segmental Reflex Gross to Fine (Kinematics)
Contact Placing Supraspinal/Corticospinal Gross to Fine
Air Righting Vestibulospinal Gross to Fine (Time)
Contact Righting Vestibulo-, Reticulo-, Propriospinal Gross to Fine (Time)
Von Frey Hair (VFH) * Aβ Mechanoreceptors in Dermatome Gross (Yes/No)
Fine (Threshold)
Plantar Heat * Aδ and C-fibers Fine (Time)

Note: Serotonergic and other neuromodulatory fibers are important in regulating spinal excitability and thus influence all motor tasks.

*

These tasks can also be utilized for testing forelimb function.