Table 2.
Factors associated with self-reported HIV positive status in Brazil, Mexico and Peru, 2018
| Brazil (N = 4231; 61.0%) | Mexico (N = 1743; 25.1%) | Peru (N = 967; 13.9%) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate models | Multivariate model | Bivariate models | Multivariate model | Bivariate models | Multivariate model | |||||||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White | Ref. | 0.022 | 0.146 | N/A | N/A | Ref. | 0.578 | Ref. | 0.513 | |||
| Non-white | 1.31 (1.04–1.67) | 1.20 (0.94–1.55) | N/A | N/A | 0.88 (0.57–1.39) | 0.85 (0.53–1.40) | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| ≤ Secondary education | 1.35 (1.05–1.75) | 0.023 | 1.31 (1.01–1.72) | 0.046 | 1.11 (0.78–1.55) | 0.564 | 1.13 (0.78–1.63) | 0.518 | 0.82 (0.56–1.19) | 0.312 | 0.79 (0.50–1.26) | 0.281 |
| > Secondary education | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Income | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1.38 (1.07–1.79) | 0.016 | 1.33 (1.01–1.75) | 0.044 | 0.89 (0.62–1.27) | 0.508 | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 0.273 | 1.14 (0.79–1.67) | 0.494 | 1.56 (1.02–2.40) | 0.043 |
| Middle/High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||||
| Sexual Attraction | ||||||||||||
| Men | 2.28 (1.37–4.12) | 0.003 | 2.68 (1.55–5.11) | 0.001 | 2.14 (1.17–4.41) | 0.023 | 1.98 (1.04–4.27) | 0.056 | 1.69 (1.06–2.83) | 0.035 | 1.86 (1.06–3.51) | 0.040 |
| Men and Women | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Steady partner | ||||||||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Yes | 1.32 (0.99–1.73) | 0.050 | 1.25 (0.93–1.65) | 0.127 | 1.51 (1.02–2.19) | 0.034 | 1.42 (0.94–2.11) | 0.091 | 1.82 (1.26–2.62) | 0.001 | 1.67 (1.10–2.50) | 0.015 |
N/A Not applicable. Regions within the countries were kept in the final models (data not shown). For Brazil, region was categorized according to geopolitical regions: North (7 states), Northeast (9 states), Central-West (3 states and Federal District), South (3 states), and Southeast (2 states). For Peru, regions were grouped according to their geographical characteristics and political division: Lima (Lima city and Callao), Coast (Lima region and other coastal cities), Sierra (cities of the northern, central, and southern highlands), and Jungle. For Mexico, Northwest (6 states); Northeast (3 states); West (4 states); East (4 states); North Center (5 states); South Central (2 states and Mexico City); South (7 states)