TABLE 1.
Baseline maternal demographics combined and by site
| Characteristic | All sites (n = 2331) | DRC (n = 444) | Guatemala (n = 611) | India (n = 590) | Pakistan (n = 686) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Arm1 | |||||
| Arm 1 | 756 (32) | 143 (32) | 179 (29) | 192 (33) | 242 (35) |
| Arm 2 | 825 (35) | 162 (36) | 225 (37) | 201 (34) | 237 (35) |
| Arm 3 | 750 (32) | 139 (31) | 207 (34) | 197 (33) | 207 (30) |
| Maternal weight, kg | 48.8 ± 9.0 | 50.2 ± 7.8 | 54.0 ± 9.8 | 45.9 ± 8.4 | 45.7 ± 7.1 |
| Baseline BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 21.5 ± 4.1 | 20.6 ± 2.6 | 25.5 ± 4.2 | 20.0 ± 3.4 | 19.7 ± 2.9 |
| Baseline BMI categories | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 542 (23) | 81 (18) | 6 (1) | 217 (37) | 238 (35) |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1394 (60) | 344 (77) | 310 (51) | 325 (55) | 415 (61) |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 293 (13) | 15 (3) | 210 (34) | 40 (7) | 28 (4) |
| Obese (≥30) | 101 (4) | 4 (1) | 84 (14) | 8 (1) | 5 (1) |
| Age, y (mean ± SD) | 23.3 ± 4.2 | 22.8 ± 4.5 | 24.3 ± 4.4 | 21.9 ± 3.4 | 23.7 ± 4.1 |
| Age, y | |||||
| <20 | 475 (20) | 114 (26) | 91 (15) | 146 (25) | 124 (18) |
| 20–24 | 962 (41) | 167 (38) | 242 (40) | 323 (55) | 230 (34) |
| 25+ | 894 (38) | 163 (37) | 278 (46) | 121 (21) | 332 (48) |
| Parity | |||||
| Nulliparous | 486 (21) | 92 (21) | 42 (7) | 148 (25) | 204 (30) |
| Primi/multiparous | 1845 (79) | 352 (79) | 569 (93) | 442 (75) | 482 (70) |
Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
1
Maternal participants in Arm 1 started the intervention ≥3 mo prior to conception; Arm 2 started the same intervention at ∼12 weeks of gestation; and Arm 3 (control) received no study intervention.
DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo.