TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the total sample of CRC survivors (n = 1404) and stratified by quartiles of the overall PDI
| PDI quartiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant characteristics | Total sample | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P 1 |
| Total number of individuals, n (%) | 1404 (100) | 331 (24) | 332 (24) | 406 (29) | 335 (24) | |
| Number of deaths during follow-up, n (%) | 204 (15) | 59 (29) | 50 (25) | 65 (32) | 30 (15) | 0.01 |
| Plant-based diet indices, score | ||||||
| PDI | 54 (50–58) | 47 (44–48) | 51 (51–52) | 56 (54–57) | 61 (60–63) | |
| hPDI | 54 (49–59) | 50 (47–55) | 52 (48–57) | 56 (50–60) | 58 (54–63) | <0.0001 |
| uPDI | 54 (49–59) | 56 (51–61) | 55 (51–60) | 54 (48–58) | 52 (48–57) | <0.0001 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 788 (56) | 181 (55) | 183 (55) | 236 (58) | 188 (56) | |
| Female | 616 (44) | 150 (45) | 149 (45) | 170 (42) | 147 (44) | 0.78 |
| Age at diagnosis, y | 62 (57–66) | 62 (57–67) | 63 (58–67) | 61 (56–66) | 61 (56–65) | 0.004 |
| Age at diet assessment, y | 69 (64–73) | 70 (65–75) | 69 (65–74) | 68 (63–73) | 69 (64–73) | 0.03 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 26.2 (23.9–29.3) | 26.5 (23.9–29.8) | 26.4 (23.9–29.4) | 26.3 (24.1–29.2) | 25.8 (23.5–28.3) | 0.08 |
| BMI categories, n (%) | ||||||
| <20 kg/m² | 47 (3) | 10 (3) | 10 (3) | 9 (2) | 18 (5) | |
| 20 to <25 kg/m² | 489 (35) | 112 (34) | 114 (34) | 144 (36) | 119 (36) | |
| 25 to <30 kg/m² | 608 (43) | 134 (40) | 144 (44) | 184 (45) | 146 (44) | |
| ≥30 kg/m² | 260 (19) | 75 (23) | 64 (19) | 69 (17) | 52 (15) | 0.19 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 565 (40) | 130 (39) | 134 (40) | 159 (39) | 142 (42) | |
| Former | 692 (49) | 160 (48) | 163 (49) | 207 (51) | 162 (48 | |
| Current | 126 (9) | 35 (11) | 28 (8) | 37 (9) | 26 (8) | |
| Unknown | 21 (2) | 6 (2) | 7 (2) | 3 (1) | 5 (1) | 0.82 |
| Physical activity, METs/wk | 95 (63–132) | 80 (51–117) | 95 (65–130) | 94 (61–131) | 110 (73–150) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol (ethanol) intake, g/day | 7.0 (1.9–19.6) | 6.3 (1.8–20.8) | 7.4 (1.8–19.2) | 6.7 (2.0–20.4) | 6.7 (1.9–17.7) | 0.94 |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 2183 (1782–2605) | 1847 (1590–2234) | 2143 (1697–2539) | 2253 (1853–2696) | 2379 (2072–2952) | <0.0001 |
| Time between CRC diagnosis and diet assessment, y | 6 (5–8) | 6 (5–8) | 6 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 6 (5–8) | 0.16 |
| Tumor location, n (%) | ||||||
| Colon | 666 (47) | 146 (44) | 151 (45) | 200 (49) | 169 (50) | |
| Rectum | 594 (42) | 150 (45) | 143 (43) | 169 (42) | 132 (39) | |
| Both | 63 (5) | 11 (3) | 17 (5) | 22 (5) | 13 (4) | |
| Unknown | 81 (6) | 24 (7) | 21 (6) | 15 (4) | 21 (6) | 0.32 |
| Metastases, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 238 (17) | 60 (18) | 54 (16) | 67 (17) | 57 (17) | |
| No | 928 (66) | 216 (65) | 216 (65) | 168 (66) | 228 (68) | |
| Unknown | 238 (17) | 55 (17) | 62 (19) | 71 (17) | 50 (15) | 0.90 |
| Other cancer, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 297 (21) | 71 (21) | 64 (19) | 89 (22) | 73 (22) | |
| No | 1077 (77) | 256 (77) | 264 (80) | 305 (75) | 252 (75) | |
| Unknown | 30 (2) | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | 12 (3) | 10 (3) | 0.38 |
| Therapy, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 734 (52) | 164 (50) | 177 (53) | 215 (53) | 178 (53) | |
| Chemotherapy | 313 (22) | 74 (22) | 68 (20) | 94 (23) | 77 (23) | |
| Radiation | 45 (3) | 16 (5) | 9 (3) | 13 (3) | 7 (2) | |
| Chemotherapy and radiation | 289 (21) | 73 (22) | 71 (21) | 80 (20) | 65 (19) | |
| Unknown | 23 (2) | 4 (1) | 7 (2) | 4 (1) | 8 (2) | 0.66 |
Values are n (%) or median (IQR).
1
Based on chi-squared test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; hPDI, healthful plant-based diet index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; PDI, plant-based diet index; Q, quartile; uPDI, unhealthful plant-based diet index.