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. 2021 May 27;114(2):690–703. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab100

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Estimated (A) risk difference and (B) risk ratio of 20-y mortality for multi-food dietary strategies derived from the AHA 2020 Dietary Goals compared with no intervention in the HPFS (1990–2010), NHS (1986–2006), and NHS II (1995–2015). Estimates are based on the parametric g-formula with baseline and prebaseline covariates: baseline age; BMI; smoking status; physical activities; parental history of myocardial infarction (<60 y); aspirin use; menopausal status (NHS/NHS II); menopausal hormone therapy (NHS/NHS II); baseline diagnosis of hypertension or hypercholesterolemia; and prebaseline intakes of fruits and vegetables, fish, whole grains, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, legumes/nuts/seeds, alcohol, and calories; and time-varying covariates: BMI; cigarettes smoked per day; physical activity; aspirin use; menopausal status (NHS/NHS II); menopausal hormone therapy (NHS/NHS II); intakes of fruits and vegetables, fish, whole grains, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, legumes/nuts/seeds, alcohol, and calories; incidences of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and nonfatal myocardial infarction; and time since report of each diagnosis. Abbreviations: AHA, American Heart Association; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study; NHS II, Nurses’ Health Study II.