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. 2021 Jul 28;27(28):4722–4737. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4722

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Statistical analysis of the sequencing results of the bacteria microbiota in mucosa samples from mild, moderate, and severe active ulcerative colitis groups. A: The α-diversity of microbiota evaluated by Shannon index. The ordinate shows the Shannon index, and the abscissa shows the groups. The α-diversity of mucosal bacteria in severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) (Shannon index, 3.67 ± 1.25) was significantly lower than that of mild active UC (Shannon index, 5.40 ± 1.01; P = 0.017). Little difference was observed between the mild and moderate groups (Shannon index 4.80 ± 0.90; P = 0.100), neither between the moderate and severe ones (P = 0.251); B: Principal component analysis. The flora structure of mild and severe subgroups showed a significant difference (with a PC1 of 27.37% and a PC2 of 13.77%, as showed in the abscissa and ordinate axis separately); C: The analysis of similarities. The intergroup difference between mild and severe groups was significant (P = 0.012); D: The relative abundance of the bacteria at the phylum (the left bar graph) and genus (the right bar graph) levels. The ordinate shows the relative abundance (%), and the abscissa axis shows the sample types where the microbiota was sequenced from. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria of severe active UC was significantly lower than that of mild/moderate UC, and fewer unidentified bacteria phyla were observed in severe UC than in mild UC. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Methylobacterium in mild UC was significantly higher than that in moderate/severe UC, and Blautia significantly decreased in severe UC compared with the other two groups. UC: Ulcerative colitis.