Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Aug 2;9:36. doi: 10.1038/s41413-021-00155-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 10 — Diagram of PGE2/EP4-mediated skeletal interoception-induced modulation of endplate porosity and LBP. Activation of EP4 in sensory nerves by PGE2 induces osteoblastic bone formation through the hypothalamus to inhibit sympathetic activity in a manner similar to PGE2/EP4-mediated skeletal interoception.^27,29 Endplates undergo sclerosis and become porous by osteoclast resorption during aging or spine degeneration.^16,20 Low-dose celecoxib promotes bone formation in porous vertebral endplates by maintaining a physiological PGE2 concentration to activate skeletal interoception. However, very low PGE2 levels in porous endplates with high-dose celecoxib could not activate skeletal interoception, and high PGE2 levels with vehicle or very low-dose celecoxib treatment induced pain