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. 2021 Aug 2;9:36. doi: 10.1038/s41413-021-00155-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Low-dose celecoxib reduced endplate porosity by decreasing sympathetic activity through hypothalamic CREB signaling. a Location of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the hypothalamus. b Representative images of immunostaining of pCREB (green) and DAPI (blue) in the VMH at 2 weeks after celecoxib or vehicle treatment. c Quantitative analysis of the percentage of pCREB⁺ area in the VMH. d Representative images of immunostaining of TH (red) and DAPI (blue) in the hypothalamic PVN at 2 weeks after celecoxib or vehicle treatment. e Quantitative analysis of the percentage of TH⁺ area in the PVN. f Representative images of immunostaining of TH (red) and DAPI (blue) in the cervicothoracic ganglion at 2 weeks after celecoxib or vehicle treatment. g Quantitative analysis of the percentage of TH⁺ area in the cervicothoracic ganglion. h Representative images of immunostaining of TH (red) and DAPI (blue) in the endplates at 2 weeks after celecoxib or vehicle treatment. i Quantitative analysis of the percentage of TH⁺ area in endplates. J ELISAs of norepinephrine concentration in lumbar endplates at 2 weeks after celecoxib or vehicle treatment. Scale bars, 50 μm (b, d, f, h). *P < 0.05 compared with the sham group and ^#P < 0.05 compared with the vehicle group at the corresponding time points. n = 6 per group (c, e, g, i, j)