Table 3.
Characteristics of Bacteriologically Confirmed Cases
| Survey | S–X+ Cases (%) | S− Cases (%) | S+ Cases (%) | X+ Cases (%) | S+X− Cases (%) | S+X+ Cases (%) | Proportion Negative on any Symptom Among Cases (%) | Proportion of Males Among All Bacteriologically Confirmed Cases (%) | HIV Prevalence Among All Bacteriologically Confirmed Cases (%) | Percentage of Cases Found Already in TB Care (%) | Bacteriologically Confirmed Notification Rate (n/100 000) | Prevalence to Notification Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangladesh 2015 | 61.9 | 61.9 | 38.1 | 90.3 | 9.7 | 36 | Not reported | 72.3 | Not measured | 1.8 | 101.7 | 2.8 |
| Cambodia 2002 | 60.9 | 60.9 | 39.1 | 95.6 | 4.4 | 34.7 | 15.9 | 60 | Not measured | 4.2 | 222.9 | 2.0 |
| Cambodia 2011 | 69.4 | 70.4 | 29.1 | 95.6 | 3.5 | 25.6 | 10.2 | 59.9 | Not measured | 2 | 161.4 | 1.7 |
| China 2000a | Not reported | 12.1 | 87.9 | 49.5 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 70.4 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available |
| China 2010a | Not reported | 43.1 | 56.9 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 69.9 | Not reported | Not reported | 38.7 | 1.7 |
| Democratic People’s Republic of Korea 2016 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 57 | 97.9 | 0.7 | 55 | Not reported | 69.7 | Not measured | 31.2 | 482.1 | 1.2 |
| Indonesia 2014 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 57.5 | 94.1 | 4.9 | 51.6 | Not reported | 65.5 | Not measured | 4.5 | 113.3 | 2.3 |
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic 2011 | 50.2 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 97 | 2.9 | 46.8 | Not reported | 66.2 | Not measured | 2.5 | 80.4 | 3.5 |
| Mongolia 2015 | 77.8 | 79.4 | 20.6 | 96 | 2.5 | 18.1 | 42.7 | 64.5 | Not measured | 4.4 | 83.2 | 2.5 |
| Myanmar 2009 | Not reported | 78.8 | 19.7 | 95.2 | Not reported | Not reported | 38.2 | 66.2 | Not measured | 3.5 | 114.4 | 2.1 |
| Philippines 2016 | 63.9 | 67.8 | 32.2 | 92.2 | 1.7 | 28.3 | 26 | 69 | Not measured | 6.4 | 142.2 | 3.1 |
| Thailand 2012b | 66.2 | 66.2 | 33.8 | 95.8 | 4.2 | 29.6 | Not obtainable | Not obtainable | Not obtainable | Not obtainable | 56.4 | 1.8 |
| Vietnam 2007 | 67.3 | 73.6 | 26.4 | 85.1 | 8.5 | 17.8 | Not reported | 78.8 | Not measured | 0.07 | 85.2 | 2.3 |
| Ethiopia 2011 | 48.2 | 48.2 | 51.8 | 89 | 10.9 | 40.9 | Not reported | 55.3 | 8.00 | 2.7 | 91.0 | 1.2 |
| Gambia 2012 | 36.6 | 38. | 62 | 81.7 | 15.5 | 45 | Not reported | 62 | Not measured | 5 | 145.3 | 0.6 |
| Ghana 2013 | Not reported | 59 | 41 | 75.2 | not reported | not reported | Not reported | 50 | Not reported | 5 | 45.2 | 2.5 |
| Kenya 2015 | 50.5 | 51.8 | 40.2 | 88.2 | 10.5 | 38 | Not reported | 62 | 13.4 | 4.9 | 158.2 | 3.5 |
| Malawi 2013c | 30.3 | 30.3 | 69.7 | 49.2 | 50.76 | 18.9 | Not reported | 47.7 | 16.7 | 4.5 | 86.8 | 2.5 |
| Namibia 2017 | Not reported | 51.3 | 48.7 | 95 | not reported | not reported | Not reported | 60 | 15.1 | 4.2 | 551.9 | 0.8 |
| Nigeria 2012 | Not reported | 36.1 | 63.9 | 89 | not reported | not reported | 22.9 | 67.7 | Not measured | 0.2 | 55 | 5.8 |
| Rwanda 2012 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 79.6 | 20.4 | 27.8 | Not reported | 73.7 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 56.1 | 1.3 |
| Sudan 2014 | 40 | 40 | 45.1 | 78 | 7.1 | 38 | Not reported | Not reported | Not measured | 7.1 | 25 | 3.5 |
| Tanzania 2012 | not reported | 36.7 | 63.2 | 73.5 | not reported | not reported | Not reported | 60 | 5.9 | Not reported | 92.8 | 3 |
| Uganda 2014 | 50.6 | 50.6 | 49.4 | 88.7 | 10 | 38.1 | Not reported | 75 | 26.9 | 10 | 141.8 | 2.8 |
| Zambia 2014 | 39 | 39 | 61 | 83 | 17 | 44 | Not reported | 66.7 | 13.2 | 2.6 | 159.2 | 2.0 |
| Zimbabwe 2014 | Not reported | 63.55 | 36 | 86 | not reported | not reported | Not reported | 54.2 | Not reported | Not reported | 137.9 | 2.5 |
A list of references for included prevalence surveys is available in Supplementary Materials Appendix 1.
Abbreviations: S, symptoms; X, X ray.
aSurveys from China were excluded from the analysis because results include active pulmonary cases, of which the proportion of bacteriologically negative clinically diagnosed cases is unknown.
bSome data were not obtainable from Thailand in 2012 because the only version of the survey report was in Thai.
cMalawi 2013: results were excluded from the analysis because the quality of images observed in some clusters was substandard and could not be compared with results from other countries [10].